Lab #4: Muscles of Upper Body

Question 1

3 types of joint MOVEMENTS

Answer 1

1. Angular Movements
2. Circular Movements
3. Special Movements

Question 2

4 types of Angular Movements

Answer 2

1. Flexion
2. Extension & Hyperextension
3. Adduction
4. Abduction

Question 3

3 types of Flexion

Answer 3

1. Dorsiflexion
2. Plantar flexion
3. Lateral flexion

Question 4

2 types of Circular Movements

Answer 4

1. Rotation
2. Circumduction

Question 5

2 types of Rotation

Answer 5

1. Supination
2. Pronation

Question 6

6 types of Special Movements (PRIeDE)

Answer 6

1. Protraction
2. Retraction
3. Inversion
4. Eversion
5. Depression
6. Elevation

Question 7

Frontal Belly of Occipitofrontalis

Answer 7

O: Frontal Bone & skin of eyebrows

I: Galea Aponeurotica

A: moves scalp, wrinkles forehead, elevates eyebrows

Question 8

Occipital Belly of Occipitofrontalis

Answer 8

O: Superior Nuchal Line

I: Galea Aponeurotica

A: moves scalp slightly posteriorly

Question 9

Orbicularis Oris **

Answer 9

O: Mandible & Maxillae, fascia & fibers from other facial muscles

I: skin & lips surrounding the mouth

A: closes lips, puckers up lips

*1st sphincter of digestive tract

*“kissing” muscle

Question 10

Masseter *

Answer 10

O: Zygomatic arch

I: lateral surface of coronoid process, lateral surface & angle of mandible

A: elevates & protracts mandible, prime mover of jaw closure

* feel contraction near angle of mandible when clenching teeth

Question 11

Temporalis *

Answer 11

O: superior & inferior portions of temporal bone

I: Coronoid process of mandible

A: elevates & retracts mandible

* palpate on temple while clenching teeth

Question 12

Buccinator **

Answer 12

O: alveolar processes of mandible & maxillae

I: Orbicularis Oris

A: compresses cheek, holds food between teeth, aids in sucking & blowing

* “trumpeter” muscle

*composes fleshy wall of cheeks

Question 13

Medial & Lateral Pterygoids

Answer 13

O: pterygoid processes of sphenoid bone

I: mandible

A: elevate & protract mandible, move it from side to side during chewing

Question 14

Sternocleidomastoid *

Answer 14

O: manubrium & sternal ends of clavicle

I: mastoid processes of temporal bones

A: both- head is pulled forward & down (flexion of cervical vertebrae & flexion of atlanto-occipital)

one- turns head sideways, in opposite direction of contracting muscle

* form lateral borders of suprasternal fossa

Question 15

Platysma

Answer 15

O: Fascia of deltoid & pectoralis major muscles, and acromion of scapula

I: Skin of cheek and mandible

A: Pulls lower lip inferior, tenses skin of neck, contributes to depression of the mandible

Question 16

Serratus Anterior *

Answer 16

O: Anterior and superior margins of upper ribs

I: Medial (vertebral) border of scapula & anterior surface of scapula

A: Prime mover that protracts & depresses scapula (synergistic to pec. minor), stabilizes scapula, superiorly rotates scapula (glenoid cavity moves superior)

* “saw toothed” appearance

Question 17

Pectoralis Minor *

Answer 17

O: Sternal ends of upper ribs

I: Coracoid process of scapula

A: Protracts & depresses scapula (Hunched over shoulders)

* deep to Pec. Major

Question 18

simple movement in which two opposing surfaces slide slightly back-and-forth or side-to-side to one another and the angle between teh bones doesn’t change

Answer 18

gliding

Question 19

either increases or decreases angle between articulating bones

Answer 19

angular motion

Question 20

movement in an anterior-posterior plane of the body that decreases the angle between bones

Answer 20

flexion

Question 21

movements in an anterior-posterior plane that increases the angle between bones

Answer 21

extension

Question 22

movement that typically returns body part to the anatomical position

Answer 22

extension

Question 23

an angular motion in which the angle between the bones is >180

Answer 23

hyperextension

Question 24

severe example of this motion occurs in tetanus and is termed “opisthotonos”

Answer 24

hyperextension

Question 25

trunk of body moves in a coronal plane away from the body

Answer 25

lateral flexion

Question 26

type of movement that occurs primarily between the vertebrae in cervical and lumbar regions of the vertebral column

Answer 26

lateral flexion

Question 27

lateral movement of body part away from the body midline

Answer 27

abduction

Question 28

medial movement of body part toward the body midline

Answer 28

adduction

Question 29

sequence of movements in which the proximal part of the body remains relatively stationary while the distal part of the body makes a circular cone-like motion

Answer 29

circumduction

Question 30

pivoting motion in which a bone turns on its own longitudinal axis

Answer 30

rotation