Lab 4: Metabolism

Question 1

What is theoretical basis of indirect calorimetry?

Answer 1

Is the catabolism of carbohydrates (CHO), fat, and protein by aerobic processes leads to heat production, ATP re-synthesis, and CO2 and H2O production

Question 2

What is a calorie?

Answer 2

Is a unit of energy

Question 3

What does calorie equal?

Answer 3

=the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree celsius

Question 4

How can caloric expenditure be determined?

Answer 4

By measuring the volume of oxygen consumed (VO2)

Question 5

What is caloric expenditure?

Answer 5

Is the amount of energy that the body uses in a period of time

Question 6

How can index of substrate (carbohydrate or fat) oxidation be calculated?

Answer 6

By measuring both VO2 and the volume of Carbon dioxide produced VCO2

Question 7

What is indirect calorimetry?

Answer 7

Is a technique in which caloric expenditure and substrate utilization can be determined by measuring the volume of oxygen consumed and the volume of carbon dioxide produced

Question 8

The index is called _________ or __________ and is calculated by the ratio of VCO2 to VO2

Answer 8

Other respiratory exchange ratio (RER) or respiratory quotient (RQ)

Question 9

What is the theoretical basis of determining carbohydrate and fat oxidation based on?

Answer 9

The amount of O2 consumed to completely oxidize a molecule of glucose or fatty acid is proportional to the amount of carbon in that fuel in the amount of CO2 produced

Question 10

How do you find RER?

Answer 10

VCO2/VO2
Ex.)
6O2+C6H12O6—>6CO2+6H2O
6CO2/6O2=1

Question 11

In the resting rate of RER, it is expected to be around _______, which means that both fat and CHO are oxidized.

Answer 11

0.85

Question 12

Substrate utilization in the resting state and during exercise depends on

Answer 12

The influence by the availability of CHO and fat

Question 13

Substrate utilization during exercise depends largely on the ________ and __________

Answer 13

Duration and intensity of exercise performed

Question 14

During _______, the demand for ATP is __________relative to the resting state

Answer 14

Exercise, Increased

Question 15

What must happen in order to meet the increasing demand of ATP?

Answer 15

ATP must be synthesized by by the different energy systems.

Question 16

Moderate to high intensities of exercise result in __________________ and ______________________ because the oxidation of glucose is faster than the oxidation of fatty acids.

Answer 16

Increased rate of glucose oxidation and increase in RER

Question 17

What does REE stand for and what is it?

Answer 17

Resting energy expenditure

The amount of energy, usually expressed in kcal, required for a 24 hour period by the body during resting conditions.

Question 18

What is REE closely related too?

Answer 18

Basal metabolic rate

Question 19

REE typically comprises __________of our total daily calorie expenditure and can be estimated by numerous published formulas

Answer 19

60-75%

Question 20

How many published energy expenditure formulas deal with various conditions such as disease states, age, presence of obesity and other additional factors

Answer 20

200

Question 21

How is REE useful measure?

Answer 21

In weight control programs

Acute care hospital settings-provide information of the patients caloric needs

Question 22

What happens to a patient if the caloric intake is in adequate?

Answer 22

It can had detrimental effects on clinical outcomes of patients’ such as reduced respiratory muscle strength, increased risk of infection, poor wound healing, and impaired normal body functions

Question 23

RER can take values from ______(100% fat oxidation) to ______ (100% carbohydrate oxidation)

Answer 23

0.7-1.0