Ch. 6: Metabolism II Flashcards
(71 cards)
Creatine, synthesized in the —— and ——- or from digestion, is taken up by cells, namely skeletal muscle cells, where it becomes phosphorylated and stored
Liver and kidney
What does it mean to be phosphorylated
Pete from the ATP goes to creatine and becomes CP + ADP
What happens when turning on immediate energy system
-Demand for ATP and subsequent use of ATP stored in the cytoplasm causes the reaction to proceed towards the synthesis of new ATP
-Eventually, the concentration of CP in the cytoplasm will be deleted in cellular function will slow down
Energy/ATP supply is less then energy/ATP demand
How do you replenish CP
Demand/use of ATP is reduced
other energy systems synthesize ATP
What is the advantage of using immediate energy system
Quickest way cells carry synthesize ATP
Buys time for the other energy system to kick in
What is in disadvantage to immediate energy system
Sell store very small amounts of CP
Very limited capacity to reset the size ATP
(total amount of ATP produced is very low)
Substrates in an intermediate energy system
Blood glucose and glycogen muscle and liver
The tablet reaction/pathways in intermediate energy system
Glycolysis aerobic and anaerobic conditions
glycogenesis aerobic and anaerobic conditions
Krebs cycle aerobic conditioning
electron transport chain/oxidative phosphorylase and aerobic conditions
What is glycolysis?
Cytoplasm
glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvate
released hydrogen and their associated electrons are energy rich
-Energy can be derived from them provided that carried/delivered to mitochondria
-electron carrier: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
What is oxidation/reduction
Type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between molecules
What is Reduction?
NAD + 2H+ —>NADH + H+
GER (gaming electron reduction)
What is oxidation
NADH + H+ ——> NAD +2H+
LEO loss of electrons is oxidation
What is an example of oxidation/reduction
Revolving door
Occurs in the mitochondria and cytoplasm
What happens in the cytoplasm during oxidation reduction reaction
No ATPs derived from this reaction during oxidation
2NADH + 2H+—>2NAD+4H
What happens in the mitochondria of an oxidation reduction reactions
Reduction/oxidation produce ATP
What are the two phases in glycolysis and what happens in them
Investment phase
-Investment of two ATP
Yielding phase
-production of
-2 NADH
-4 ATP
-2 pyruvateOxygen is not use/consumed in the reaction of
Glycolysis
In order to get ATP out of glucose you must first invested in
ATP
What is the net ATP yield from one glucose molecule proceeding through all the reactions of glycolysis
2 ATP net regardless of aerobic or anaerobic reaction
Collectively glycolysis is viewed as
Exothermic
Rise and intracellular glucose will promote osmosis, which ________ intracellular fluid volume resulting in a ________ in the intracellular glucose and other solutes
Increases; decrease
First reaction of glycolysis prevents Deleterious outcomes resulting from a ______in intracellular glucose because it catabolizes/remove free glucose
Rise
First reaction of glycolysis happens really fast
What are some major fates of pyruvate
Pyruvate—–> lactate
-anaerobic conditions
pyruvate ——->acetyl CoA——-> Krebs cycle
-aerobic conditions
Lactic acid is an acid, which means it can release the hydrogen ion and bind with a positively charged sodium or potassium ion to form____________
An acid salt Na-Lactate
