Ch. 7 Metabolism III

Question 1

What are the metabolic reactions/pathways: aerobic conditions in long term energy systems

Answer 1

Carbohydrate (glucose and glycogen)
glycolysis
glycogenolysis
gluconeogenesis

Question 2

What are the metabolic reaction pathways in aerobic conditions long term energy systems

Answer 2

Triglycerides
lipolysis
beta oxidation

Question 3

What are the metabolic reaction pathways in aerobic conditions long term energy systems

Answer 3

Protein

Proteolysis

Question 4

What are the metabolic reaction pathways in aerobic conditions long term energy systems

Answer 4

Common to all substrates is the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain

Question 5

To get ATP from triglycerides you must have ______ ________

Answer 5

Aerobic conditions

Question 6

What is the main triglycerides storage

Answer 6

Adipocytes that sells main storage of triglycerides
Adipocytes aggregate to form adipose tissue
Adipocytes are a cell because they do have a nucleus

Question 7

What is the second type of triglycerides storage

Answer 7

Blood

• Chylomicron
• lipoproteins

Question 8

Why are cells stored in triglycerides in the cytoplasm

Answer 8

Because it is very concentrated

Question 9

What is the third type of triglyceride storage

Answer 9

Cytoplasm of cells
Intracellular triglycerides
A lot of ATP are stored in triglycerides

Question 10

Lipolysis gets turned on by

Answer 10

hormones to activate lipases (hormone sensitive lipase)

Question 11

Where is lipolysis stored

Answer 11

In an area in which triglycerides are stored

Question 12

Fatty acid’s in the circulation are transported bound to ________(plasma protein)

Answer 12

Albumin

Question 13

Fatty acid albumin complex circulates, dissociates when it reaches tissues, and free fatty acids enter the cytoplasm of cells via

Answer 13

Simple diffusion

Question 14

Activation and transport into mitochondria occurs in

Answer 14

Outer mitochondria membrane

Question 15

The activation in transport into the mitochondria involve attaching a carrier molecule to the fatty acid reaction that cost how many ATP

Answer 15

2

Question 16

What is beta oxidation

Answer 16

Beta oxidation is a series of reactions in which 2 carbons from Acyl-CoA are cut off building in the formation of acetyl CoA

Question 17

Where does beta oxidation occur

Answer 17

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 18

Each cycle of Beta oxidation produces

Answer 18

1 acetyl CoA
1NADH
1FADH2

Question 19

The Krebs cycle produces

Answer 19

3NADH
1FADH2
1ATP

Question 20

One acetyl CoA produces how many ATP

Answer 20

12 ATP

Question 21

With 16 carbon fatty acid chain how many net ATP are total

Answer 21

129

Question 22

With 16 carbon fatty acid chain how many ATP are you’ll did from 7 NADH x 3 ATP/NADH

Answer 22

21 ATP

Question 23

With 16 carbon fatty acid chain how many ATP are from 7 FADH2 × 2 ATP/FADH2

Answer 23

14 ATP

Question 24

With the 16 carbon fatty acid chain how many ATP come from 8 acetyl CoA x 12 ATP/Acetyl CoA

Answer 24

96 ATP

Question 25

The total number of 131 ATP minus the two activation ATP yields a net ATP of ____ for 16 carbon fatty acid chain

Answer 25

129

Question 26

The primary energy system to support ATP is

Answer 26

Triglycerides

Question 27

There are a lot of triglycerides in adipose tissue with

Answer 27

Low intensity activity

Question 28

What is intracellular triglycerides

Answer 28

The ATP yield from triglycerides stored in the cytoplasm are the same as those stored in adipose tissue

Question 29

Skeletal muscle does not have the enzyme to use

Answer 29

Glycerol

Question 30

ATP yield is faster in stored glycerides then _______ glycerides

Answer 30

Transported

Question 31

What is the regulation of lipolysis controlled by

Answer 31

Endocrine system

Question 32

What are several hormones that get secreted in the blood circulate and turn on lipolysis

Answer 32

Glucagon and epinephrine

Question 33

Other hormones in the blood can inhibit lipolysis

Answer 33

Insulin

Question 34

True or false exercising a group of muscles example of abdominal muscles promotes lipolysis only in the adipose tissue that surrounds the active muscle

Answer 34

False

Question 35

True or false exercise will promote lipolysis of triglycerides stored in the cytoplasm of muscle fibers that are active during the exercise

Answer 35

True

Question 36

___________is released from adipose tissue into the blood

Answer 36

Glycerol

Question 37

Glycerol is taken up by the liver in used to synthesize glucose via

Answer 37

Gluconeogenesis

Question 38

What is gluconeogenesis

Answer 38

Synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate substrate - reactions take place in the liver,mlargely in response to low blood glucose concentration - as a result of glucoseneogenesis blood glucose concentrations rise

Question 39

Glucose to pyruvate is called

Answer 39

Glycolysis | exothermic

Question 40

Pyruvate to glucose is called

Answer 40

Gluconeogenesis | Endothermic

Question 41

The______ is the only organ that is equipped to make glucose from non-carbohydrate substrates

Answer 41

Liver

Question 42

What is Glycogenolysis

Answer 42

Breakdown of glycogen stored in the liver

Question 43

What is Gluconeogenesis

Answer 43

Synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources | example glycerol in amino acids

Question 44

When liver glycogen is normal that uses glycogenesis to maintain blood glucose level until it empties then uses __________

Answer 44

Gluconeogenesis

Question 45

What is the significance of gluconeogenesis

Answer 45

Gluconeogenesis serves a means by which glucose can be made available to the brain when liver glycogen stores/blood glucose are low

Question 46

Cells of the CNS need glucose to synthesize

Answer 46

ATP

Question 47

Period of no food, low carbohydrates, high-protein causes a __________in blood glucose this is not adequate amount of blood glucose support so function

Answer 47

decrease

Question 48

In the long term energy system what are the substrates

Answer 48

Blood glucose triglycerides glycogen (muscle and liver ) protein