Ch. 5: Metabolism I

Question 1

What is Anabolism

Answer 1

Constructive processes
energy utilizing
building process
example protein synthesis carbohydrate

Question 2

What is catabolism

Answer 2

Destructive processes
energy producing
breakdown catabolic
When you store energy in the form of carbohydrates they are broken down to create energy

Question 3

Anabolism and catabolism are

Answer 3

Antagonist

Question 4

What happens in metabolism

Answer 4

Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen
go through anabolism which requires energy/ATP to produce carbohydrates lipids and proteins
they go through catabolism where energy/ATP is exerted and produces
Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen

Question 5

What is catabolism

Answer 5

Can occur under aerobic or anaerobic conditions within a cell

Question 6

What happens under aerobic conditions in catabolism?

Answer 6

Sells can use carbohydrates lipids and proteins

Question 7

What happens under anaerobic conditions in catabolism

Answer 7

Hsells can use only carbohydrates and ATP stored in the cytoplasm

Question 8

What are involved in chemical reactions

Answer 8

Breaking chemical bonds in substrate/reactance

making new bonds to form products

Question 9

What are three types of chemical reactions

Answer 9

Endothermic
exothermic
coupled reactions
Look at page 3 of the notes for diagram

Question 10

What are enzymes

Answer 10

Proteins that function as biological catalysts

Greatly enhance the reaction rate/speed thereby, reducing time taken to form product

Question 11

What is one functional characteristics of enzymes

Answer 11

Enzymes are specific to a substrate
Example one key opens one lock
Lots of enzymes are present but only one the substrate that is similar to the shape of the active site is able to activate the enzyme

Question 12

What is another functional characteristic of enzymes

Answer 12

Enzyme activity is not altered after the reaction it continues to work
Once the substrate is bound to the enzyme it produces a product and is then released

Question 13

What is the third functional characteristic of an enzyme

Answer 13

If a reaction is reversible, The enzyme catalyzes the forward in the reverse direction of the reaction by the same magnitude

Question 14

What factors influence enzyme activity three of them

Answer 14

Temperature
pH
substrate concentration

Question 15

Enzyme activity is optimal around the temperature of _______ usually have heat exhaustion by that temperature

Answer 15

41/42°C

Temperature too high the enzyme denatures and does not want to work

Question 16

Heat exhaustion/stroke is at what temperature_______

Hypothermia is at what temperature________

Answer 16

> 40degrees Celsius

Question 17

During a heatstroke enzyme activity ________ while he is way too high
During hypothermia enzyme activity _________while cold is way too high

Answer 17

Decreases

Decreases

Question 18

What is it called to have arterial blood pH fall below 7.35

Answer 18

Acidosis

Example fatigue during intense exercise

Question 19

What is it called to have her to your blood pH greater than 7.45

Answer 19

Alkalosis

Question 20

What is metabolism

Answer 20

Summation of physical and chemical events
Fundamental process:
Anabolism
Catabolism

Question 21

The more substrate the more likely be enzyme will have something to bind to causing reaction rate to__________

Answer 21

Increase

Question 22

With the high substrate concentration the reaction rate plateaus out because if they bind to anymore it will over work the cell in a be a _____________

Answer 22

safety issue for the body

Question 23

If substrate concentration is low reaction rate is also _____
If substrate concentration is high reaction rate is also ___________

Answer 23

Low

Increased

Question 24

Fasting/starvation, reduces availability of carbohydrates which slows the rate at which ________can be produced

Answer 24

Energy/ATP

The body will burn up

Question 25

What are energy systems

Answer 25

Chemical reaction/pathways that synthesis of ATP in cells under aerobic for anaerobic conditions

Question 26

What is ATP and what does it stand for

Answer 26

Adenosine triphosphate | Is the energy currency of the cell, in the only way cell can get its energy and it will only recognize ATP

Question 27

Where is ATP stored and ready to be used

Answer 27

Cytoplasm

Question 28

What happens during an endothermic reaction of catabolism of ATP

Answer 28

Free energy 40% used to perform some cellular function most 60% of the energy contained with ATP is given off as heat helps maintain body temperature ATP stored in the cytoplasm is broken down to ADP plus PI to produce heat

Question 29

What happens in the ATP cycle

Answer 29

The amount of ATP synthesize/use per day is approximately equal to a persons body mass

Question 30

Carbohydrates lipids and proteins produce energy that must go through and ________ in order to synthesize ATP from ADP +PI

Answer 30

Anabolism

Question 31

What is hydrolysis

Answer 31

Releases energy by the breakdown of energy with water through cellular function

Question 32

What is caloric expenditure

Answer 32

Calorie equals unit of heat energy (energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1°C)

Question 33

What is catabolism of ATP

Answer 33

Is the caloric expenditure where the heat is coming from

Question 34

What is a calorie

Answer 34

Unit of energy

Question 35

A calorie is a calorie meaning it doesn't matter whether he came from _________, _________, __________

Answer 35

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins

Question 36

The amount of ATP that can be synthesized from lipid is __________the amount of ATP synthesized from carbohydrates and proteins

Answer 36

Greater than

Question 37

The total caloric content of a lipid 9 kcal/gm is __________ the total caloric content of carbohydrates and proteins 4 kcal/gm

Answer 37

Greater than

Question 38

What are energy systems

Answer 38

Chemical reactions/pathways that's the size ATP in cells under aerobic or anaerobic conditions to ensure that Energy/ATP supply =energy/ATP demand

Question 39

What are the three types of energy systems

Answer 39

Immediate system-anaerobic intermediate systems-anaerobic/aerobic long term system-aerobic

Question 40

What would happen to sell function if the supply of ATP is less than the demand for ATP

Answer 40

Also function is going to decline You slow down because the production of ATP is not equal to the supply of ATP Sell store tiny bit and synthesize new ATP to equal the demand

Question 41

What kind of rate of ATP and amount of ATP does immediate energy system have

Answer 41

Rates of ATP is high amounts of ATP is low | And example is sprinting, rate is quick but can't sprint for very long, so can't produce that much ARP that quick

Question 42

What kind of rate of ATP and amount of ATP does intermediate energy system have

Answer 42

IA moderate rate of ATP in a moderate amount of ATP

Question 43

What kind of rate of ATP in amount of ATP does long term energy system have

Answer 43

Rate of ATP is low amount of ATP is high | Example is cross country runner take a long time and have a lot of ATP produced

Question 44

What is the significance of overlapping energy systems

Answer 44

- ATP can be synthesized from one or more energy systems - If a high rate of ATP synthesis is needed, then a cell will use the mediate in intermediate energy systems example sprinting - If a low rate of ATP synthesis will surf ice, that a cell will use primarily love long-term energy system example walking

Question 45

What dictates the relative contribution of an energy system to ATP synthesis

Answer 45

``` Rate of energy (ATP demand) -walking versus printing The availability of oxygen -reduced delivery of oxygen Availability of the substrate -Starvation The rate at which cells can utilize oxygen -Ceiling effect for how fast cells can consume oxygen ```