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Physiology > Ch. 5: Metabolism I > Flashcards

Ch. 5: Metabolism I Flashcards

1
Q

What is Anabolism

A

Constructive processes
energy utilizing
building process
example protein synthesis carbohydrate

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2
Q

What is catabolism

A

Destructive processes
energy producing
breakdown catabolic
When you store energy in the form of carbohydrates they are broken down to create energy

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3
Q

Anabolism and catabolism are

A

Antagonist

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4
Q

What happens in metabolism

A

Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen
go through anabolism which requires energy/ATP to produce carbohydrates lipids and proteins
they go through catabolism where energy/ATP is exerted and produces
Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen

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5
Q

What is catabolism

A

Can occur under aerobic or anaerobic conditions within a cell

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6
Q

What happens under aerobic conditions in catabolism?

A

Sells can use carbohydrates lipids and proteins

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7
Q

What happens under anaerobic conditions in catabolism

A

Hsells can use only carbohydrates and ATP stored in the cytoplasm

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8
Q

What are involved in chemical reactions

A

Breaking chemical bonds in substrate/reactance

making new bonds to form products

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9
Q

What are three types of chemical reactions

A

Endothermic
exothermic
coupled reactions
Look at page 3 of the notes for diagram

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10
Q

What are enzymes

A

Proteins that function as biological catalysts

Greatly enhance the reaction rate/speed thereby, reducing time taken to form product

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11
Q

What is one functional characteristics of enzymes

A

Enzymes are specific to a substrate
Example one key opens one lock
Lots of enzymes are present but only one the substrate that is similar to the shape of the active site is able to activate the enzyme

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12
Q

What is another functional characteristic of enzymes

A

Enzyme activity is not altered after the reaction it continues to work
Once the substrate is bound to the enzyme it produces a product and is then released

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13
Q

What is the third functional characteristic of an enzyme

A

If a reaction is reversible, The enzyme catalyzes the forward in the reverse direction of the reaction by the same magnitude

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14
Q

What factors influence enzyme activity three of them

A

Temperature
pH
substrate concentration

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15
Q

Enzyme activity is optimal around the temperature of _______ usually have heat exhaustion by that temperature

A

41/42°C

Temperature too high the enzyme denatures and does not want to work

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16
Q

Heat exhaustion/stroke is at what temperature_______

Hypothermia is at what temperature________

A

> 40degrees Celsius

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17
Q

During a heatstroke enzyme activity ________ while he is way too high
During hypothermia enzyme activity _________while cold is way too high

A

Decreases

Decreases

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18
Q

What is it called to have arterial blood pH fall below 7.35

A

Acidosis

Example fatigue during intense exercise

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19
Q

What is it called to have her to your blood pH greater than 7.45

A

Alkalosis

20
Q

What is metabolism

A

Summation of physical and chemical events
Fundamental process:
Anabolism
Catabolism

21
Q

The more substrate the more likely be enzyme will have something to bind to causing reaction rate to__________

A

Increase

22
Q

With the high substrate concentration the reaction rate plateaus out because if they bind to anymore it will over work the cell in a be a _____________

A

safety issue for the body

23
Q

If substrate concentration is low reaction rate is also _____
If substrate concentration is high reaction rate is also ___________

A

Low

Increased

24
Q

Fasting/starvation, reduces availability of carbohydrates which slows the rate at which ________can be produced

A

Energy/ATP

The body will burn up

25
Q

What are energy systems

A

Chemical reaction/pathways that synthesis of ATP in cells under aerobic for anaerobic conditions

26
Q

What is ATP and what does it stand for

A

Adenosine triphosphate

Is the energy currency of the cell, in the only way cell can get its energy and it will only recognize ATP

27
Q

Where is ATP stored and ready to be used

A

Cytoplasm

28
Q

What happens during an endothermic reaction of catabolism of ATP

A

Free energy 40% used to perform some cellular function
most 60% of the energy contained with ATP is given off as heat helps maintain body temperature
ATP stored in the cytoplasm is broken down to ADP plus PI to produce heat

29
Q

What happens in the ATP cycle

A

The amount of ATP synthesize/use per day is approximately equal to a persons body mass

30
Q

Carbohydrates lipids and proteins produce energy that must go through and ________ in order to synthesize ATP from ADP +PI

A

Anabolism

31
Q

What is hydrolysis

A

Releases energy by the breakdown of energy with water through cellular function

32
Q

What is caloric expenditure

A

Calorie equals unit of heat energy (energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1°C)

33
Q

What is catabolism of ATP

A

Is the caloric expenditure where the heat is coming from

34
Q

What is a calorie

A

Unit of energy

35
Q

A calorie is a calorie meaning it doesn’t matter whether he came from _________, _________, __________

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins

36
Q

The amount of ATP that can be synthesized from lipid is __________the amount of ATP synthesized from carbohydrates and proteins

A

Greater than

37
Q

The total caloric content of a lipid 9 kcal/gm is __________ the total caloric content of carbohydrates and proteins 4 kcal/gm

A

Greater than

38
Q

What are energy systems

A

Chemical reactions/pathways that’s the size ATP in cells under aerobic or anaerobic conditions to ensure that
Energy/ATP supply =energy/ATP demand

39
Q

What are the three types of energy systems

A

Immediate system-anaerobic
intermediate systems-anaerobic/aerobic
long term system-aerobic

40
Q

What would happen to sell function if the supply of ATP is less than the demand for ATP

A

Also function is going to decline
You slow down because the production of ATP is not equal to the supply of ATP
Sell store tiny bit and synthesize new ATP to equal the demand

41
Q

What kind of rate of ATP and amount of ATP does immediate energy system have

A

Rates of ATP is high amounts of ATP is low

And example is sprinting, rate is quick but can’t sprint for very long, so can’t produce that much ARP that quick

42
Q

What kind of rate of ATP and amount of ATP does intermediate energy system have

A

IA moderate rate of ATP in a moderate amount of ATP

43
Q

What kind of rate of ATP in amount of ATP does long term energy system have

A

Rate of ATP is low amount of ATP is high

Example is cross country runner take a long time and have a lot of ATP produced

44
Q

What is the significance of overlapping energy systems

A
  • ATP can be synthesized from one or more energy systems
  • If a high rate of ATP synthesis is needed, then a cell will use the mediate in intermediate energy systems example sprinting
  • If a low rate of ATP synthesis will surf ice, that a cell will use primarily love long-term energy system example walking
45
Q

What dictates the relative contribution of an energy system to ATP synthesis

A 
Rate of energy (ATP demand)
-walking versus printing
The availability of oxygen
-reduced delivery of oxygen
Availability of the substrate
-Starvation 
The rate at which cells can utilize oxygen
-Ceiling effect for how fast cells can consume oxygen

Physiology (9 decks)

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