LAB 4- Lymphatic System

Question 1

The lymphatic system is composed of

Answer 1

lymph and lymphocytes
lymphatic vessels
lymphatic organs: thymus, spleen, lymph nodes
lymphatic tissue

Question 2

Lymphatic functions

Answer 2

• L vessels circulate the body system, drain excess interstitial fluid
  -immune response

Question 3

lymphatic tissues/nodules (MALT)

Answer 3

-mucosa
-associated
-lymphoid
-tissue

-also in respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracks

Question 4

lymphatic circulation

Answer 4

-transportation from tissues through L vessels to the blood

-vessels from right arm empty into the right L duct which empties into the right subclavian vein

-rest of the body empties into thoracic duct which then empties into subclavian

Question 5

L Capillaries

Answer 5

-excess fluid in tissue becomes lymph

-lymph is mostly water with a small amount of plasma

-pumped back to heart by skeletal muscles and respiration

Question 6

lymphedema

Answer 6

A buildup of lymph fluid in tissues, causing swelling
Malfunctioning lymphatic system

Question 7

Lymph nodes

Answer 7

-most numerous L organs (around 450)

-cleanse lymph and act as a side of T and B cell activation

Question 8

immune defense: 1st line

Answer 8

-physical barriers
-prevent approach and deny access to pathogens
-skin mucous membrane

Question 9

immune defense 2nd line

Answer 9

-several innate defense mechanisms

-fever
-mobilizes defense
-body temp rises in reponse

other: leukocytes, macrophages, inflammation

Question 10

immune defense: 3rd line

Answer 10

adaptive immunity

-defeats pathogens and leaves the body with a memory so it can defeat faster in future

Question 11

natural killer cells

Answer 11

-attack and kill any body cell that fail to display MHC protein

-NK releases perforins, granzymes make hole, enemy cell dies, macrophages digests dying cell

Question 12

Adaptive immunity

Answer 12

-systemic response
-portection against infection/bacteria
-B cells- humoral immunity
-T cells- cell mediated immunity

-memory- remembers previous encountered agents
-specify- memory is specific
-differentiation- can identify one self from others to not destory own cells

Question 13

forms of adaptive immunity

Answer 13

Two types:

cellular immunity:
-lymphocytes directly attack and destroy foreign cells
-rids the body of pathogens

humoral:
-mediated by antibodies that do not directly destroy a pathogen but tag it for destruction
-effective against bacteria, yeast, toxins, venom, allergies

Question 14

pathogen

Answer 14

agents capable of producing diease

Question 15

antigen vs antibody

Answer 15

Antigen:
-any substance that elicits an immune response
-allergens, viruses, bacteria, toxins, parasites
-proteins like vacinne, eggs, beef
-many polysaccharides like wheat
-many small molecules

antibodies:
-protein
-produced by plasma cells
-bind to antigens
-found in plasma and body secretions
-5 major classes- IgM, IgG, IgD, IgA, IgEy

Question 16

autoimmunity

Answer 16

-due to the inability to recognize self (our own tissues)
-immune system attacks bodies own tissues

example diseases:
-graves disease
-rheumatoid arthritis
-diabetes mellitus
-lupus