LAB 3- Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Heart External features
- apex, base, great vessels
-sulci (grooves
-Interventricular sulcus (white fatty with line between right and left ventricle)
heart chambers
2 atriums: (chambers that receive blood)
Left- oxygenated blood from lungs
Right- deoxygenated blood from body
2 Ventricles: (thick walled chambers that discharge blood)
right ventricle: pump deoxygenated blood into pulmonary trunk
Left ventricle: pumps oxygenated blood into aorta (thicker wall)
hearts valves 4
-atrioventricular (2)- between atria and ventricles and prevents backflow when ventricles contract
-tricuspid valve- between RA and RV (3 cusps)
-bicuspid valve- between LA and LV (2 cusps)
Semilunar (2)- ventricles exit and prevents backflow when ventricles relax
pulmonary semilunar valve- right between RV and pulmonary trunk (3 cusps)
Aortic semilunar valve: left between LV and aorta (3 cusps)
chordae tendineae
-heart strings
tissue layers of the heart
pericardium-outer layer thats a double wall sac (fibrous and parietal) and visercal layer/ epicardium that lis out layer on heart wall
myocardium- middle
endocardium-inner layer
coronary artery circulation
-arise from ascending aorta
-lie within the interventricular and coronary sulci
-blood inside chambers dont supply oxygen (comes from arteries)b
blood vessel types (veins and artery)
artery- away from heart, P is deoxygenated, S is oxygenated
Veins- toward to the heart, P is oxygenated and S is deoxygenated
heart sounds
heart sounds-
-first sound: Lubb, S1, closure of AV valves
second: Dubb, S2, closure of semilunar
third: cant hear
murmur: abnormal heart sounds
cardiac cycle
cardiac cycle- on complete contraction and relaxation of all four chambers of heart, around 0.8 seconds
AV close
SA open
SV close
AV open
blood pressure
-pressure exerted by blood against blood vessel walls
measured using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope which amplifies korotkoff sounds
pulse pressure equation
systloic-disstolic pressure
mean arterial pressure (MAP) equation
diastolic BP + 1/3 pulse pressure
laminar vs turbulent blood flow
laminar- normal
turbulent- high velocity
pulse
blood pressure wave in arteries when left ventricle contracts
-pulse rate= heart rate (70-80 Bpm)
locations:
-temporal
-caratoid
-femoral
-radial
-popiteal
-brachial
blood flow system
blood enters the right atrium from superior and inferior venae cavae
-blood in right atrium flows in the right AV valve into the right ventricle
-contraction opens pulmonary valves and blood flows to the pulmonary trunk
-blood is released from right and left pulmonary arteries to the lungs where it unloads CO2 then loads O2
-blood returns from lungs into pulmonary veins and into the left atrium
-blood in left atrium flows into left ventricle by the AV valve
-contraction of ventricle forces aortic valve to open
-blood flows through aortic valve into aorta
-blood in aorta is distributed to the body where it unloads CO2 and loads CO2
-blood returns to right atrium from venae cavae
Circulatory system function
supplies oxygen and nutrients to your whole body and removes waste through your blood
ECG wave
P wave- SA node firing, atrial systole begins
PR interval- conduction through AV node because ventricle activation
QRS- ventricular depolarization, spike due to different thickness and shape of two ventricles
QT interval- duration of ventricular depolarization, shorter during exercise
ST- ventricular systole
T wave- ventricular diastole
ECG letter order
PQRST
(P , PR, QRS, QT, ST, T Wave is a noral ECG)
Cardiac muscle cells contract in response to
a rapid series of electrical potential changes that travel through the heart along the conduction system
electrocardiogram (ECG)
an interpretation of the electrical activity (depolarization and repolarization) of the heart over a period of time
Ventricular fibrillation (irregular ECG)
-atrial fibrillation-chaotic depolarizations, common in elderly/ alcoholics
-heart block- failure in cardiac conduction system, usually from disease or degeneration
-premature ventricular contraction- extra beats, stress or lack of sleep
