LAB 1- Endocrine System

Question 1

Endocrine glands

Answer 1

ductless glands and cells that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid and then diffuse into bloodstream

Question 2

neuroendocrine effect

Answer 2

endo works with nervous system to maintain homeostasis

Question 3

function of hormone

Answer 3

-mainatin homeostasis
-repair and growth
-regulate reproductive systen

Question 4

low blood sugar means

Answer 4

you need glucagon (sugar) to increase blood

Question 5

high blood sugar mean

Answer 5

you need insulin to decrease

Question 6

hypothalamus

Answer 6

main link between nervous and endocrine system
-regulates pituitary gland

Question 7

pituitary gland also called

Answer 7

hypophysis
-rests in sella turcica
“master” endocrine gland but has its own master = hypothalamus

Question 8

two components of the pituitary gland

Answer 8

anterior (edeno) and posterior pituitary (neuro)

Question 9

hypothalamus control of the posterior pituitary

Answer 9

posterior does NOT synthesize hormones but its stored there
-two hormones- antidiuretic and oxytocin are synthesized by neurons in the hypothalamus

Question 10

hypothalamus control of the anterior pituitary

Answer 10

-secretes regulatory hormones which diffuse into primary capillary plexus and down the portal veins
-they are then distributed to target cells in anterior by the second capillary plexus

Question 11

hypothalamus secretes how many releasing hormones? what does it do

Answer 11

-5
-stimulate secretion of anterior pituitary hormones

Question 12

hypothalamus secretes how many inhibiting hormones? what does it do

Answer 12

-2
-suppresses the secretion of AP hormones

Question 13

hypothalamus secretes how many anterior hormones?

Answer 13

-7
-in response to regulatory hormones secreted by the hypothalamus t

Question 14

tropic hormone

Answer 14

endocrine gland or tissue on another organ

Question 15

Hypo and hyper secretion of growth hormone affects

Answer 15

-dwarfism- hypo, during childhood, slows bone growth
-giantism- hyper, abnormal increase of bone growth
-acromegaly- hyper, bones and cartilage of hands feet and face thicken

Question 15

thyroid hormones

Answer 15

T3- triiodo T4-tetraiodo and calcitonin

Question 16

hypothyroidism

Answer 16

-usually congenital due to iodine deficiency
-fatigue
-poor weight control
goiter- thyroid gland enlargement
-cold body

Question 17

hyperthyroidism

Answer 17

excess thyroid hormone
-weight loss
-hyper activity
-graves disease- enlarged thyroid, big eyes

Question 18

adrenal glands

Answer 18

one superior to each kidney

two components to each gland:

-adrenal medulla- in centre of the gland
-epinephrine, norepinephrine

-adrenal cortex
-around periphery
-produces steroid and sex hormones

Question 19

adrenal gland disorders

Answer 19

addisons disease- hyposecretion of aldosterone and cortisol, low blood pressure, muscle weakness and fatigue

cushings syndrome- hypersecretion of cortisol, moon face, poor wound healing

Question 20

insulin is produced from

Answer 20

the pancrease when blood levels increase
-causes it to take in glucose to lower levels
-vital to homeostasis
-

Question 21

pancreas is a exo or endo organ

Answer 21

both

Question 22

normoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemia

Answer 22

Normoglycemia- normal behaviour

Hyperglycemia- abnormally high level of blood glucose, fast movements

Hypoglycemia is an abnormally low level of blood glucose. slow movements

Question 23

The primary effect of thyroid hormone

Answer 23

to promote heat-generating metabolic reactions when cold