Lab 4

Question 1

What are the structures of the Endocrine system?

Answer 1

Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, infundibulum, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, follicles, corpus luteum, and testes.

Question 2

Describe the pituitary gland:

Answer 2

Anterior pituitary: (pars distalis)
-looks like millions of pink cells
Posterior pituitary:
-looks like grey wavy lines (b/c composed of nerve cells extended from hypothalamus)
Intermediate pituitary:
-looks like grainy pink cells, (there is a space to separate ant pit & intermed pit)

Question 3

What hormones does the pituitary secrete?

Answer 3

Anterior: Growth Hormone, Prolactin, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone
Posterior: Antidiuretic Hormone, Vasopressin, Oxytocin
Intermediate: Melanocyte stimulating hormone

Question 4

Describe the thyroid and parathyroid glands:

Answer 4

Thyroid: Looks like Swiss cheese (follicles-storing hormone), has follicular and parafollicular cells
Parathyroid: giant lump of pink cells, chief cells (6-8 in chest/neck or embedded in thyroid)

Question 5

What hormones do the thyroid and parathyroid secrete?

Answer 5

Thyroid: Follicular cells: Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine
parafollicular cells: calcitonin
Parathyroid: Parathyroid Hormone

Question 6

Describe the adrenal glands:

Answer 6

Medulla: center w/ chromaffin cells
Cortex: zona glomerulosa: dark pink outer, zona fasciculata: light pink middle, zona reticularis: dark pink inner

Question 7

What hormones do the adrenal glands secrete?

Answer 7

Z. Glomerulosa: aldosterone
Z. Fasciculata: cortisol
Z. Reticularis: adrenal androgens
Medulla Chromaffin cells: epinephrine, nor epinephrine

Question 8

What hormone does the pineal gland secrete?

Answer 8

Melatonin

Question 9

What hormone does the thymus secrete?

Answer 9

Thymopoietin, thymosin

Question 10

Describe the ovaries:

Answer 10

The ovaries have many follicles in different stages and yellow bodies structures called corpus luteum

Question 11

What hormones do the ovaries secrete?

Answer 11

Follicles: estrogen
Corpus luteum: estrogen and progesterone

Question 12

Describe the testes:

Answer 12

Filled with little coiled tubes, cells that secrete hormones are found in between tubes “intersitial cells”

Question 13

What hormone does the testes secrete?

Answer 13

Testosterone

Question 14

Describe the cell structure of the pancreas:

Answer 14

Secreting cells are the light pink cell clusters found in a “sea” of dark pink cells

Question 15

What hormones does the pancreas secrete?

Answer 15

Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, (& pancreatic polypeptides)