Lab 14 Flashcards
What are the areas of the scapula?
Spine, acromion (acromial process) [attaches to spine], coracoid process, and glenoid cavity (fossa).
What are the areas of the clavicle?
Acromial end [flat] and sternal (manubrial) end [bumpy]
What are the areas of the humerus?
Head, olecranon fossa, trochlea, capitulum, lateral and medial epicondyles.
What are the areas of the ulna?
Olecranon process, trochlear notch, styloid process
What are the areas of the radius?
Head and styloid process
What are the bones of the carpals?
- scaphoid, 2. lunate, 3. triquetrum, 4. pisiform. 5. trapezium, 6. trapezoid, 7. capitate, and 8. hamate
[count lateral to medial 1-4, 5-8]
What are the major sections and components of the pelvic girdle?
Sacroiliac joint, Coxal bones (Os coxae), Illium, Ischium, pubis, pubic symphysis, pubic arch, obturator foramen, acetabulum, pelvic brim (inlet), pelvic outlet
What are the areas of the illium?
Body, ala, iliac crest, greater sciatic notch
What are the areas of the ischum?
Body, ischial spine, lesser sciatic notch, ischial ramus, ischial tuberosity
What are the areas of the pubis?
Body, pubic crest, superior ramus, inferior ramus, symphyseal surface
What is contained in the pelvic brim (inlet)?
Pubic crest, arcuate line, sacrum
What is contained in the pelvic outlet?
Pubic arch, ischial tuberosity, sacrum, coccyx
What are the differences between an estrogen-prevalent and a testosterone-prevalent pelvis?
Pubic Arch: E-wide angle, T-narrow angle
Acetabulum: E- smaller & further apart, T- larger, closer tog.
Sacrum: E- wider, shorter, curved T-narrower, longer, less coved greater sciatic notch
Greater sciatic notch: E- wide & shallow T- narrow& deep
Pelvic Inlet: E- wide, oval T- more narrow, heart-shaped
What are the aspects of the femur?
Head, neck, medial condyle, lateral condyle, intercondylar fossa, patellar surface
What is the kneecap bone?
Patella
What are the aspects of the tibia?
Articular surface for lateral condyle, articular surface for medial condyle, fibular facet, fibular notch, and medial malleolus
What are the aspects of the fibula?
Head, lateral malleolus
Wat are the bones of the foot?
Tarsals: 1. Calcaneus, 2. talus, 3. cuboid, 4. navicular, 5. medial cuneiform, 6. intermediate cuneiform, and 7. lateral cuneiform
Metatarsals: [begin medially] I, II, III, IV, V
Phalanges: Proximal and distal I, II, III, IV, V
middle: II, III, IV, V
What are the three types of joints?
Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial
What is a fibrous joint and what are its types?
A fibrous joint is held together by very tough dense connective tissue. These joints are synarthrotic “no movement.”
-Sutures (all joints of cranium)
-Gomphosis (teeth and mandible/maxilla)
-Syndesmosis (distal fibula and tibia)
What is a cartilaginous joint? What are the types?
A cartilaginous joint is cartilage holding bones together
-Synchondrosis: Made of hyaline cartilage synarthrotic “no movement” (costal cartilage of rib #1)
-Symphysis: Made of fibrocartilage, amphiarthrotic “a little movement” (pubic symphysis and intervertebral disks)
What is a synovial joint? What are the types and what do their categories depend on?
Joints that are in a cavity lined with synovial membrane - diarthrotic, large amount of movement,
The types of joint depends on the shape of the bone at the articulation
Planar, pivot, ball and socket, condyloid, saddle, and hinge
What is a planar joint? What are some examples?
A synovial joint that has a flat/slightly curved articulation surface
Examples:
-interior carpals and tarsals,
-superior and inferior articular facets of vertebrae-
What is a pivot joint? What are some examples?
A synovial joint that is rounded/pointed and fits into a ring and has a ligand
Examples:
-Proximal end of radius and ulna,
-atlas and dens of axis
What is a ball and socket joint? What are some examples?
A synovial joint that has a ball (globe-like) that fits into round socket
Examples:
-glenoid fossa and head of humerus,
-acetabulum and head of femur
What is a condyloid joint? What are some examples?
A synovial joint has a OVAL/ rounded convex that fits into an OVAL concave
Examples:
-Distal end of radius/ulna and proximal articulations of scaphoid and lunate,
-distal end of tibia and talus,
-proximal phalanges and metacarpals/metatarsals
What is a saddle joint? What is an example?
A synovial joint with a saddle-like bone and a bone that “sits” in the saddle.
Example:
-Metacarpal I and trapezium
What is a hinge joint? What is an example?
A synovial joint with a convex that fits into a concave surface
Example:
-Trochlear notch of ulna and trochlea of humerus
-Articulation between phalanges.
