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Anatomy > Lab 3-Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Lab 3-Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior portion of cranium; forms the forehead, superior part of the orbit, and floor of the anterior cranial fossa

A

Frontal bone

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2
Q

2 parts of the frontal bone

A

Supraorbital foramen (notch) and glabella

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3
Q

2 parts of the parietal bone

A

Sagittal suture and coronal suture

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4
Q

6 parts of the temporal bone

A

Squamous structure, zygomatic process, mandibular fossa, external acoustic meatus, styloid process, mastoid process

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5
Q

When the mastoid process becomes infected

A

Mastoiditis

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6
Q

When an ear infection that has spread to the mastoid process inflames the brain coverings, or the meninges

A

Meningitis

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7
Q

Smooth area between the eyes

A

Glabella

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8
Q

Opening above each orbit allowing blood vessels and nerves to pass

A

Supraorbital foramen (notch)

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9
Q

Midline articulation point of the two parietal bones

A

Sagittal suture

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10
Q

Point of articulation of parietals with frontal bone

A

Coronal suture

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11
Q

Posterolateral to the frontal bone, forming sides of cranium

A

Parietal bone

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12
Q

Inferior to parietal bone on lateral skull

A

Temporal bone

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13
Q

Most posterior bone of cranium-forms floor and back wall

A

Occipital bone

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14
Q

Point of articulation of the temporal bone with the parietal bone

A

Squamous suture

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15
Q

A bridgelike projection joining the zygomatic bone (cheekbone) anteriorly

A

Zygomatic process

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16
Q

Rounded depression on the inferior surface of the zygomatic process (anterior to the ear); forms the socket for the mandibular condyle, the point where the mandible joins the cranium

A

Mandibular fossa

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17
Q

Canal leading to eardrum and middle ear

A

External acoustic meatus

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18
Q

Needlelike projection inferior to external acoustic meatus; attachment point for muscles and ligaments of the neck

A

Styloid

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19
Q

Rough projection inferior and posterior to external acoustic meatus; attachment site for muscles. Full of air cavities

A

Mastoid process

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20
Q

2 parts of the occipital bone

A

Foramen magnum and occipital condyles

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21
Q

Part of the sphenoid bone

A

Sella turcica

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22
Q

2 parts of the ethmoid bone

A

Crista galli and cribriform plate

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23
Q

8 parts of the mandible

A

Mandibular body, mandibular Ramos, mandibular condyle, coronoid process, mental foramen, mandibular foramen, alveolar margin, mandibular symphysis

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24
Q

Part of the maxillae

A

Alveolar margin

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25
Q

Large opening in base of occipital, which allows the spinal cord to join with the brain

A

Foramen magnum

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26
Q

A saddle-shaped region in the sphenoid midline which nearly enclosed the pituitary gland (Turk’s saddle)

A

Sella turcica

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27
Q

Rounded projections lateral to the foramen magnum that articulate with the first cervical vertebra (atlas)

A

Occipital condyles

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28
Q

Bat-shaped bone forming the anterior plateau of the middle cranial fossa across the width of the skull

A

Sphenoid bone

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29
Q

Vertical projection providing a point of attachment for the dura mater, helping to secure the brain within the skull

A

Crista galli (cock’s comb)

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30
Q

The lower jawbone, which articulates with the temporal bones in the only freely movable joints of the skull

A

Mandible

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31
Q

Bony plates lateral to the crista galli through which olfactory fibers pass to the brain from the nasal mucosa

A

Cribriform plates

32
Q

Irregularly shaped bone anterior to the sphenoid. Forms the roof of the nasal cavity, upper nasal septum, and part of the medial orbit walls

A

Ethmoid bone

33
Q

Horizontal portion; forms the chin

A

Mandibular body

34
Q

Vertical extension of the body on either side

A

Mandibular Ramus

35
Q

Jutting anterior portion of the ramus; site of muscle attachment

A

Coronoid process

36
Q

Articulation point of the mandible with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

A

Mandibular condyle

37
Q

Prominent opening of the body that transmits the mental blood vessels and nerve to the lower jaw

A

Mental foramen

38
Q

Anterior median depression indicating point of mandibular fusion

A

Mandibular fusion

39
Q

Superior margin of mandible; contains sockets in which the teeth lie

A

Alveolar margin

40
Q

Open the lower jaw of the skull to identify this prominent foramen on the medial aspect of the mandibular ramus. Permits passage of the nerve involved with tooth sensation and is the site where the dentist injects Novocain to prevent pain while working on the lower teeth

A

Mandibular foramen

41
Q

Two bones fused in a median suture; form the upper jawbone and part of the orbits. All facial bones except the mandible join it. Thus, they are the main, or keystone, bones of the face

A

Maxillae

42
Q

Inferior margin containing sockets in which teeth lie

A

Alveolar margin

43
Q

Fingernail sized bones forming a part of the medial orbit walls between the maxilla and the ethmoid

A

Lacrimal bone

44
Q

Paired bones posterior to the palatine processes; form posterior hard palate and part of the orbit

A

Palatine bone

45
Q

Lateral to the maxilla; forms the portion of the face commonly called the cheekbone, and forms part of the lateral orbit.

A

Zygomatic bone

46
Q

Small rectangular bones forming the bridge of the nose

A

Nasal bone

47
Q

Blade-shaped bone in median plane of nasal cavity that forms the posterior and inferior nasal septum

A

Vomer

48
Q

Located in the throat above the larynx where it serves as a point of attachment for many tongue and neck muscles. Does not articulate with any other bone.

A

Hyoid bone

49
Q

Inflammation of the sinuses

A

Sinusitis

50
Q

The nucleus pulposus herniates through the annulus portion and typically compresses adjacent nerves.

A

Ruptured discs

51
Q

Rounded central portion of the vertebra, which faces anteriorly in the human vertebral column

A

Body or centrum

52
Q

Composed of Pericles, laminae, and a spinous process, it represents the junction of all posterior extensions from the vertebral body

A

Vertebral arch

53
Q

Opening enclosed by the body and vertebral arch; a conduit for the spinal cord

A

Vertebral (spinal) foramen

54
Q

Two lateral projections from the vertebral arch

A

Transverse processes

55
Q

Single medial and posterior projection from the vertebral arch

A

Transverse processes

56
Q

Single medial and posterior projection from the vertebral arch

A

Spinous process

57
Q

The right and left pedicles have notches on their inferior and superior surfaces that create openings, the intervertebral foramina, for spinal nerves to lace the spinal cord between adjacent vertebrae

A

Intervertebral foramina

58
Q

The seven cervical vertebrae (C1 through C7) form the neck portion of the vertebral column. Bears a large vertical process, the dens or odontoid process, that serves as the pivot point

A

Cervical vertebrae

59
Q

Characteristics of cervical vertebrae

A

Body: small, wide side to side
Spinous process: short; bifid; projects directly posteriorly
Vertebral foramen: triangular
Transverse processes: contains foramina
Superior facets directed superoposteriorly and inferior facets directed inferoanteriorly
Movements allowed: flexion and extension; lateral flexion; rotation; the spine region with the greatest range of movement

60
Q

Thoracic vertebrae characteristics

A

Body: larger than cervical; heart-shaped; bears two costal facets
Spinous process: long; sharp; projects inferiorly
Vertebral foramen: circular
Transverse processes: bear facets for ribs (except T11 and T12)
Superior facets directed posteriorly and inferior facets directed anteriorly
Movements allowed: rotation; lateral flexion possible but limited by ribs; flexion and extension prevented

61
Q

Lumbar vertebrae characteristics

A

Body: massive; kidney shaped
Spinous process: short, blunt; projects directly posteriorly
Vertebral foramen: triangular
Transverse processes: thin and tapered
Superior facets directed posteromedially and inferior facets directed anterolaterally
Movements allowed: flexion and extension; some lateral flexion; rotation prevented

62
Q

A composite bone formed from the fusion of 5 vertebrae

A

Sacrum

63
Q

A remnant of the spinous processes of the fused vertebrae (part of the sacrum)

A

Sacral crest

64
Q

Winglike; formed by fusion of the transverse processes, articulate laterally with the hip bones. (Part of the sacrum)

A

Alae

65
Q

Where the vertebral canal continues inside the sacrum

A

Sacral canal

66
Q

A typical flat bone, is a result of the fusion of 3 bones (breastbone)

A

Sternum

67
Q

Superiormost part of the sternum, looks like the knot of a tie; articulates with the clavicle laterally

A

Manubrium

68
Q

Forms the bulk of the sternum

A

The body (gladiolus)

69
Q

Constructs the inferior end of the sternum and lies at the level of the fifth intercostal space

A

Xiphoid process

70
Q

Concave upper border of the manubrium

A

Jugular notch

71
Q

A result of the manubrium and body meeting at a slight angle to each other, so that a transverse ridge is formed at the level of the second ribs

A

Sternal angle

72
Q

The point where the sternal body and xiphoid process fuse, lies at the level of the 9th thoracic vertebra

A

Xiphisternal joint

73
Q

Form the walls of the thoracic cage; 12 pairs

A

Ribs

74
Q

First 7 ribs; attach directly to the sternum by their own costal cartilage

A

True or vertebrosternal ribs

75
Q

Last 5 ribs; attach indirectly to the sternum or entirely lack a sternal attachment

A

False ribs

76
Q

Last 2 ribs; have no sternal attachment

A

Floating or vertebral ribs

Anatomy (11 decks)

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