lab 3 Flashcards
what are the cranial nerves
** OH ONCE ONE TAKES THE ANATOMY FINAL VERY GOOD VACATIONS ARE HAPPENING**
olfactory
optic
oculomotor
trochlear
trigeminal
abducens (eye muscles)
facial
vestibularcochlear
glossopharyngeal
vagus
accessory
hypoglossal
olfaction
cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
olfactory
vision
optic canal
optic
eye muscles
superior orbital fissure
oculomotor + trochlear
somatosensory info from face + head
superior orbital fissure - foramen
rotundum - foramen ovale
trigeminal
eye muscles
superior orbital fissure
abducens
face
stylomastoid foramen
facial
balance, equilibrium, + hearing
internal acoustic meatus
vestibularcochear
breathing throat tongue
jugular foramen
vagus
head + neck
foramen magnum
accessory
tongue movements
hypoglossal canal
hypoglossal
dura, arachnoid, pia mater are 3 meningeal layers. inflammation of the meninges surrounding the brain and or the spinal. may be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungal infections. in infectious ___ the toxins produced by the infecting agent may disrupt the normal functions of the surrounding brain tissue — produces movement associated pain + stiffness in the neck
meningitis
dura is a double layer btw the 2 cerebral hemisphere and is called ___ _____, btw 2 hemispheres of the cerebellum: ____ ____, btw the cerebrum + cerebellum the ___ _____
falx cerebri, falx cerebelli, tentorium cerebelli
ask a pt to read the letters on a typical Suellen eye chart E
optic nerve 2
have pt shrug shoulders against resistance as u push down
accessory nerve
ask pt to smell
olfactory
ask pt to protract and then retract their tongue
hypoglossal
using tongue work, test your pt hearing ability
vestibuolocochlear
shine a penlight on your pts pupil to see if it responds
oculomotor
apply a bit of sugar to tongue and ask to smile
facial
pt bite down on tongue depressor while u try to pull it out or lightly touch your pts cornea to see if they blink
trigeminal
when clavicle is fractured, entire shoulder region moves _____. Most important is the s shaped of the clavicle means fracture usually splinter outwardly
medially
large depression locate on the anterior aspect of the scapula
sub scapular fossa
acromion process of the scapula articulates with the ?
lateral end of the clavicle
medial end of the clavicle articulates with the ____
sternum
what are the primary structural/anatomical differences btw a somatic vs a visceral reflex arc
2 motor neurons – ganglionic + preganglionic
effectors – smooth muscles, cardiac muscle or glands
some people suffer from a condition known as congenital insensitivity to pain in which they cannot DETECT painful stimuli at all, yet all their motor skills are normal. which portions of the somatic reflex are might be defective in people with this condition
- likely in sensory portion of somatic reflex arc
- nonciceptors/ sensory neurons for pain detection
when your stomach begins to fill with food, a signal is sent that initiates contraction of the smooth muscle in the digestive tract to move food through the intestines. is this an example of somatic or visceral reflex arc and why
visceral because it involves the smooth muscles
technique to enhance sluggish stretch reflexes. subject clench their teeth, interlock their hands, look toward the ceiling
jendrassik maneuver
abnormal response in which ht toes flare and the great toe moves in an upward direction
babinski reflex
assesses S1 + S2 spinal nerves
achilles / calcaneal reflex (ankle jerk)
absence of normal pupillary reflexes is generally an indication of severe trauma or deterioration of the vital ____ _____ tissue
brain stem
connections through the brain result in constriction of the pupil in the other eye when there is direct light on the eye
consensual response
response occurs naturally during emotional responses where pupils dilate
ciliospinal or pupillodilator reflex
automatic, rapid response to stimulus
reflex
5 necessary parts of a typical reflex arc
- receptor
- sensory neuron
- integration center
- motor neuron
- effector
treatment is removal of the upper end of the femur and the acetabular socket and replacement with teflon on some inert material
hip replacement
is the fibula on the medial or lateral end
lateral
the ___ region is a major site for administering intramuscular injection & applied to the ____ ____ ___ to the cheeks of the buttocks
gluteal; gluteus medius superior
site for intramuscular injections especially in small children. such injections are administered about halfway down the length of this muscle
vastus lateralis
quads can be used to test ____ nerve
femoral
hairline fractures resulting from repeated shocks or impacts to a bone
stress fracture
overstitched ligaments resulting in tearing of the collagen fibers
sprain
pain in the anterior compartment of the leg caused by irritation and swelling of the tibialis anterior muscle, typically following unusual or extreme exercise
shin splints
painful muscel spasms resulting from strain nor contusions. common injury to quads in football players
Charlie horse
overstretching or tearing of the fibrous band connecting the heel to the toes and supporting the arch of the foot. common cause of pain in the heal
plantar fasciitis
commonly called a “pulled muscle”. excessive stretching and tearing of the muscle due to overuse or improper use
strain
name of the articulation btw the 2 pubic bones
pubis symphyses
3 bones that make up the coxal bone
llium ischium + pubis
head of the femur articulates with the
acetabulum
what are the names of the 2 blunt projections near the proximal end of the femur
greater + lesser trochanter
shin bone
tibia
sharpness of the visual image and is tested in clinics using a simple Snellen eye chart
visual acuity
abnormal curvature of the cornea
astigmatism
– optic disc, point where there are no photoreceptors in the retina
blind spot
when focusing on close objet, the eye uses 3 processes to focus an image on the retina: accommodation, constriction, and convergence
accommodation
ability the docusin apparatus to account for changed in distance from the viewed object. you lens changes to acocoodate near vision; pupil changes diameter to help accommodation
accommodation
difficult to focus for near vision
presbyopia
inflammation + fluid exudate in the middle ear cavity which produces pressure + pain on tympanic men and a reduction in movement of the ear ossicles
otitis media
involves outer or middle ear defects. hearing aids can improve hearing for conductive deafness by amplifying the pressure waves + transmitting the sound into the inner ear
conduction deafness
involves defect or damage in the inner ear where sound transduction occurs or int eh autarky nerve. SNGL can be congenital or acquired + involves sensorineural deafness when the deficit is in the cochlea
SNHL
test is done to determine possible conduction deadness by comparing sounds transmitted through bone conduction. however, in conduction deafness, bone conduction is better than air conduction
runne test
screen for unilateral deadness
weber test
sound louder In the right ear
conduction deafness in right ear or sensorineural deafness in left ear
sound louder in left ear
conduction deafness in left ear or sensorineural deafness in right ear
for ____ _____ the sounds is heard loudest in the normal ear because the I,paored ear is not effective at picking up sounds even if transmitted directly by bone
sensorineural deafness
3 examples of somatic reflexes
- patellar
- withdrawal
- plantar
2 examples of autonomic reflexes
- pupillary light reflex
- salivary reflex
what was the effect of simultaneous muscle contraction or mental distraction on the patellar reflex
enhances patellar reflex
protests retina from excessive light exposure
pupillary light reflex
maintains balanced during withdrawal form painful stimuli
crossed extensor reflex
pupillary light reflex or ciliospinal reflex a consensual response
yes, both pupils react
