Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy 1 > exam 5 > Flashcards

exam 5 Flashcards

1
Q
  • skeletal
  • usually voluntary
  • neuromuscular junction
  • one nerve fiber from CNS to effector; no ganglia
  • ACh
  • always excitatory
  • flaccid paralysis
A

somatic NS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  • glands, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle
  • usually involuntary
  • usually varicosities
  • 2 nerve fibers from CNS to effector; synapse at a ganglion
  • ACh + NE
  • excitatory + inhibitory
  • denervation hypersensitiivty
A

autonomic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

LMN has cell body in brainstem or spinal cord, axon leaves + synapses with the effector (skeletal muscle)

A

somatic NS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

2 motor neuron chain starting at brainstem or spinal cord
- preganglionic neuron with cell body in CNS. axon leaves
- ganglionic (postganglionic) neuron with cell body in ganglia

A

ANS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • release signaling molecules which lets them function as endocrine signals (enables more widespread effects)
A

sympathetic NS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  1. always polysnaptic
  2. involve visceral sensory neurons
  3. integrating centers is not necessarily in the CNS
  4. effectors are things like glands, smooth muscle, or cardiac muscle
A

visceral arc compared to somatic reflex arcs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ANS splits into?

A

PNS + SNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

PNS + SNS typically have ____ ____ of viscera with opposing effects

A

dual innervation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  • usually the primary controller of heart rate + maintenance functions; promotes energy conservation
  • cranial + sacral region
  • tightly controlled
A

PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

fight/flight; deals with threatening situations

A

SNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • fibers originate in the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord
  • pre-ganglionic fivers are short
  • post-ganglionic fibers are long
  • ganglia are close to the spinal cord

ON EXCEPTION IN HTE ADRENAL MEDULLA

A

SNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • fibers originate in the brainstem and sacral spinal cord
  • pre-ganglionic fibers are long
  • post-ganglionic fibers are short
  • ganglia are within or near visceral effector organs
A

PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • pre-ganglioninc neurons have cell bodies in lateral horns of spina cord
  • axons pass through communicating rami (aka rami communicant)
  • may synapse at sympathetic chain of ganglia (sympathetic chain ganglia) or pre-ganglionic axons pass through them
  • arrestor pili muscles and sweat glands of skin; smooth muscle of most blood vessels
A

SNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

myelinated(pre-ganglionic axons)

A

white communication rami

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

unmyelinated(post-ganglionic axons)

A

grey communicating rami

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  1. synapse at the same level of sympathetic chain ganglia
  2. synapse art a higher or lower level of sympathetic chain ganglia
  3. synapse in a distant ganglia (emerges from chain ganglia without synapsing)
A

where pre-ganglionic neurons synapse (SNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  • oculomotor 3
  • facial 7
  • glossopharyngeal IX
  • vagus X
  • neurons with cell bodies in the sacral region and send motor info to pelvic organs
A

PNS associated with cranial nerves + sacral region of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

all pre-ganglionic release ____ but major NTs used by post ganglionic axons differs

A

ACh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

synapses that use ___ are adrenergic

A

NE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

synpases that use _____ are called cholinergic

A

ACh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
  • preganglionic
  • brainstem or sacral region
  • long axon
    ACh
  • msec
A

PNS pre-ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
  • post-ganglionic
  • near or in organ
  • short axon
    -ACh
  • msec
A

PNS post ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

pre-ganglionic
- lateral horns of spinal cord (thoracic and lumbar regions)
- short axon
- ACh
- sec

A

SNS pre-ganglionic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

post-ganglionic
- sympathetic chain, collateral, adrenal medullar
- long axon
- NE (usually at varicosities) (seconds)

  • adrenal medulla (mostly EPI + some NE into blood) (mins)
A

sympathetic post-ganglionic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

T/F

ACh łasts ~20 msec <NE at synapsę a few seconds < NE + E in blood lasts minutes

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

boss; overall integration of ANS

A

hypothalamus

27
Q

regulates pupil size, HR, BP, airflow, salivation, etc.

A

brainstem (reticular formation)

28
Q

reflexes for urination, defecation, erection, and ejaculation

A

spinal cord

29
Q

process centers in ____ ____ coordinate complex reflexes

A

medulla oblongata

30
Q
  • receptors transduce stimuli –> convert stimulus into change in membrane potential (graded potential) –> action potential
  • receptors monitors an area called receptive field
  • receptors can display specificity for particular stimuli
  • In the presence of a stimulus, receptors may be 1. always active (tonic = slow-adapting) or only active for a short period in response to environmental change(PHASIC = FAST-ADAPTING)
A

receptor characteristics

31
Q

graded potential is called a _____ ___ when another cell type is the receptor –> graded potential in this case alters the rate of NT release by the sensory receptor cell

A

receptor potential

32
Q

receptive field size affects ability to ___ ___

  • 2 pt discrimination
A

localize stim

33
Q
  • free nerve endings
  • association with accessory structures
  • connective tussle around her endings
  • nerve endings wrapped in glial cells or connective tissue are called ___
A

encapsulated; structural complexity can affect receptor specificity

34
Q

always active
- AP are generated at a freq that reflects the background level of stimulation
- when stem increases or decreases the rate of AP generation changes accordingly

  • transmit info that has protective importance
    ex. proprioception, pain
A

tonic (slow-adapting) receptors

35
Q

normally inactive
- AP are generated only for a short time in response to a change in conditions they are monitoring
- useful for detecting changes in internal or external environment
ex. smell, hair movement, vibration

A

phasic (fast-adapting) receptor

36
Q
  1. nociceptors
  2. thermoreceptors
  3. mechanoreceptors
  4. chemoreceptors
  5. photoreceptors
A

stimulus detection by receptors

37
Q
  • detect physical distortion of the membrane
  • free nerve endings : distal ends may be modified (“swelling” or “disc like endings”)
  • endings enclosed in connective tissue capsules (capsules help shield form other types of stimuli)

ex. tactile receptors, baroreceptors, proprioceptors

A

mechanoreceptors

38
Q

detection of dissolved chemical stimuli
- to smell and taste things, we also have to dissolve the chemical compounds in a fluid

A

chemoreceptors

39
Q
  • sensory info from skin, special senses

0 receptors at or neat body surface
- outside body

A

exteroceptors

40
Q
  • inside body
  • viscera
  • stretch of organ or tissue, chemical changes, pain, temp
A

interoceptors

41
Q

inside body
- skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, connective tissue coverings of bones and muscles

  • stretch, length, movement at joint
A

proprioceptors

42
Q
  • temp
  • pain
  • touch
  • pressure
  • vibration
  • proprioception
  • vibration
  • dissolved chemicals
A

general senses

43
Q
  • olfaction
  • gustation
  • vision
  • equilibrium
  • hearing
A

special senses

44
Q

____ can reduce the ant of sensory info reaching the CNS and cerebral cortex

A

adaptation

45
Q

frequency and pattern of _____ provides info about the stimulus such as strength duration and variation

A

AP

46
Q

the ____ ____ that is activated tells the brain about the types of stimulus and where it is coming from

A

the labeled line

47
Q

your perception of the nature of stim depends on the path it takes in the ___

A

CNS

48
Q

which 2 senses are dissolved chemical stimuli detected by chemoreceptors associated with special epithelium

A
  1. olfaction
  2. gustation
49
Q

light detected by photoreceptors (rods _ cones) located on the retina of the eye

A

vision

50
Q

hair cells located within specialized structures in the inner ear detect mechanical stimuli

A
  1. hearing
  2. equilibrium
51
Q

gustation is associated with taste buds found in?

A

lingual papillae, pharynx, larynx

52
Q

______ papillae dont have taste buds, instead main role is to help provide friction for manipulating food; associated sensory neurons convey info about food texture

A

filiform

53
Q

receptors associated with the dendrites of sensory neurons
- __ hairs(microvilli) of receptor cells are bathed in saliva, are the area of the cell that detects the stimuli

  • basal cells divide to produce new taste cells
A

taste

54
Q

oranifc substance

A

sweet

55
Q

mental ions

A

salty

56
Q

acids

A

sour

57
Q

alkaloid s

A

bitter

58
Q

glutamate + asparatate

A

umami

59
Q

taste involves what cranial nerves

A

facial 7, glossopharyngeal 9 + vagus 10

60
Q

relay info to cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, + other limbic system structures

A

taster relay pathway

61
Q

at ___, can also initiate digestive reflexes, protective reflexes

A

medulla

62
Q

olfactory organs are located itch superior portion of the ____ ____ on each side of of the nasal septum

A

nasal cavity

63
Q

olfactory receptors are modified ____ ____ neurons

A

bipolar sensory

64
Q
A

anatomy 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions