lab 2 Flashcards
smooth rounded process of forming joint
condyle
opening in the body that’s shaped like a crack or cleft, and is usually found between separate anatomical structures
fissure
depression
fossa
rounded opening
foramen
sticks out
process
longer passageway
canal
opening to a canal
meatus
body part that bulges out
protuberance
have a shaft & 2 enlarged ends
long bones
usually cube shaped
short bones
short bones that form within tendons
sesamoid bones
usually thin, curved + flattened
flat bones
complicated shapes that do not match the other categories
irregular bones
hardened minerals + collagen fibers
matrix
broken bone breaks through the skin
open compound
broken bone doesn’t break through the skin
closed (simple) fracture
shattered into smaller pieces
comminuted
crack, along one side of diaphysis
greenstick fracture
a break in a skull bone that pushes part of the bone closer to the brain
depressed fracture
carpals
short bone
humerus
long bone
vertebra
irregular bone
patella
sesamoid bone
sternum
flat bone
shaft of a long bone
diaphysis
bands of diving hyaline cartilage
epiphyseal plate
filled adipose tissue
marrow cavity
dense outer layer of bone
compact
covers ends of long bones
articular cartilage
house red bone marrow
spongy
end of long bone
epiphysis
lines the medullary cavity
endosteum
osteocytes are primarily housed within ______ in the compact bone
lacunae
given that O2 + nutrients are unable to diffuse efficiently through the hardened mineralized extracellular matrix of compact bone, how do osteocytes survive
receive nutrients through channels
house osteocytes (space btw rings of the bone & matrix)
lacunae
canals (for nutrients to each bone cells)
canaliculi
painful inflammation of air cells in mastoid process
mastoiditis
how many facial bones in the skull
14
dislocation of the TMJ is always ___ b/c the condylar process of the mandible slide forward oar the articular tubercle of the temporal bone & cannot return into the articular fossa
anterior
surgical procedure in which the cartilage and/or bones of the nose are alerted – “nose job”
rhinoplasty
tissue that connect the bones of the skull
sutures
which skill bones contain paranasal sinus? what are the functions of these sinuses?
The paranasal sinuses are found in the frontal, maxilla, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones of the skull. Their functions include lightening the skull, warming and humidifying air, enhancing voice resonance, and trapping pathogens.
A sinus headache is painful due to inflammation and mucus buildup, which increases pressure in the sinuses and irritates nearby nerves, causing intense discomfort in areas like the forehead, eyes, and cheeks.
- frontal
- sphenoid
- maxillary
- zygomatic
- palatine
- ethmoid
- lacrimal
bones that make up the orbit
rounded bony process that can be palpated behind the ear
mastoid process
foramen magnum located in ?
occipital bone
cranial suture separates the parietal bone
sagittal suture
optic canal located in which bone the skull
sphenoid
brevis
short
straight (muscle)
rectus
origins are at the sternum + clavicle, insertions is on the mastoid process
sternocleidomastoid
moves the scalp posteriorly + inferior
occipitalis
raises eyebrows
frontalis
closes eye
orbicularis oculi
purses + protrudes lips (kissing)
orbicilaris oris
raise corner of the mouth (smiling) + upper lip exposing teeth (snarling)
zygomaticus major + minor
draws corners of mouth laterally “sucking in” cheeks; assists in holding food btw teeth when chewing
buccinator
tenses neck skin and depresses mandible; pouting muscle
platysma
eye look up
superior rectus
eye looks down
inferior rectus
eye looks laterally
lateral rectus
eye looks down and laterally
superior oblique
eye looks up and laterally
inferior oblique
elevates the mandible + closes the jaw
masseter + temporalis
from internal surface of mandible to base of the tongue; protracts tongue; can depress tongue
genioglossus
from styloid process of temporal bone to lateral tongue; retracts and elevates tongue
stylogglossus
from hybrid bone to inferior tongue; depresses tongue
hypoglossus
located de[[ tp sternocleidomastoid; each elevates 1st + 2nd ribs during inspiration; also flexes neck (bends neck anteriorly)
scalenes
extend neck (bends neck posteriorly)
trapezius
located Deep to trapezius; bilaterally extends neck (bends head and neck posteriorly); unilaterally rates and laterally flexes neck (turns and bends neck towards side of contraction)
splenius capitis
shallow vertical groove on upper lip
philtrum
unossified membranes – soft spots attaching bones of the fetal skull
fontanelle
