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Bio 120 Lab > Lab 3 > Flashcards

Lab 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of a solvent (usually water) through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration

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2
Q

Solution

A

Liquid (solvent) and its dissolved solutes

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3
Q

solute

A

Substance dissolved in a liquid (solvent)

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4
Q

Solvent

A

Liquid in which a solute (or solutes) is dissolved

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5
Q

Diffusion

A

Random movement of molecules of a substances from an area of high concentration of the substance to an area of low concentration

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6
Q

Selectively permiable

A

A property of cellular membranes that only allows certain molecules to enter or exit the cell
Ex. Plasma membrane (plant and animal cells)

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7
Q

Isotonic

A

When two solutions have the same solute concentration

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8
Q

Hypertonic

A

When comparing two solutions, the hypertonic solution has the higher solute concentration

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9
Q

Hypotonic

A

When comparing two solutions the hypotonic solution has the lower solute concentration

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10
Q

Concentration

A

The amount of the sub component in a solution

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11
Q

Tugor pressure

A

They hydrostatic pressure that increases as water enters plant cells by osmosis, because cell walls restrict the expansion of the cell

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12
Q

Plasmolysis

A

Shrinkage of algae or plant cytoplasm that occurs when water leaves the cell by osmosis; central vacuole decreases in volume and plasma membrane no longer presses against the cell wall

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13
Q

Binary fission

A

A means of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes in which a cell divides to from two identical organisms

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14
Q

Chromosomes

A

A unit of genetic material composed of DNA and associated proteins, found in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells and in the nucleoid region of prokaryotic cells

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15
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid
Genetic materiel of an organism; a double stranded helix, helical nucleic acid

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16
Q

Chromatin

A

A complex of DNA and protein found in eukaryotic cells. Their primary function is to package long DNA molecules into more compact, denser structures

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17
Q

Genes

A

A unit of hereditary information that contributes to the inherited characteristics or traits of an organism; composed of specific organized sequences of DNA

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18
Q

Replicated chromosome

A

Chromosome that has two identical sister chromatids, resulting from DNA replication in S stage of the cycle

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19
Q

Sister chromatid

A

The identical copies (chromatid) formed by the DNA replication of a chromosome, with both copies joined together by a common centromere

20
Q

Centromere

A

A region in a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are tightly associated; point of attachment of spindle microtubules during cell division

21
Q

Mitosis

A

Division of a nucleus to produce two genetically identical daughter nuclei, each with the same complement of chromosomes
Prophase
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase (plant cell)
Telophase (animal cell)

22
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells

23
Q

Cell cycle

A

The cell cycle is a four stage process in which a cell increases in size
G0
G1
S- dna replication
G2- prepares for mitosis
M- mitosis

24
Q

Interphase

A

Interphase is where a cell spends most of its life
It’s the “daily living” of metabolic phase of the cell, in which the cell obtains nutrients and metabolizes them, grows and replicates DNA

25
Q

G1

A

First gap phase of the cell cycle when new organelles and proteins are produced and plasma membrane increases in size

26
Q

G2

A

Second gap phase of the cell cycle
The cell grows more, makes proteins and organelles, prepares for mitosis

27
Q

Prophase

A

The first phase in mitosis, the process that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells

28
Q

Prometaphase

A

The second phase of mitosis, the process that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells

29
Q

Metaphase

A

Third stage
Stage during which the process of cell division begins, chromosomes moves to the centre of the cell; the nucleus dissolves and the chromosomes condense

30
Q

Anaphase

A

The fourth phase of mitosis, the process that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells

31
Q

Telophase

A

The final stage of mitosis
The process that seperates the duplicated material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into tow daughter cells

32
Q

Cleavage furrow

A

Draws the plasma membrane toward the centre of the cell, pinching the cytoplasm into two lobes that are subsequently separated into two cells

33
Q

Cell plate

A

A plate that developed at the midpoint between the two groups of chromosomes in a dividing cell and that is involved in forming the wall between the two new daughter cells

34
Q

Spindle microtubules

A

Long protein fibres called microtubules extending from the centrioles in all possible directions, forming what is called a spindle

35
Q

Blastodisc

A

The embryo forming portion of an egg with discoidal cleavage usually appearing as a small disc on the upper surface of the yolk mass

36
Q

Unicellular

A

Organism or part of an organism, consisting of only one cell

37
Q

Colonial

A

A group of organisms of one species that live and interact closely with each other

38
Q

Multicellular

A

Many-celled organism that has cells which are specialized for different functions

39
Q

Pyrenoid

A

Structure associated with the chloroplast of some algae; site where the sugar produced by photosynthesis is converted to starch for storage purposes

40
Q

Eyespot

A

Light sensitive organelle that orients certain organisms toward light (volvocaine algea)

41
Q

Cytoplasmic bridge

A

Connection between adjacent cells of a colony (Gonium and Eudorina) or multicellular organism (Volvox) that allows communication between cells

42
Q

Daughter organism

A

The cells that result from the reproductive division of one cell during mitosis or meiosis

43
Q

Chlamydomonas

A

Cup-shaped green chloroplast
Two flagella
Red eyespot (sometimes visible)
Other structures: nucleus, contractile vacuoles
Pyrenoid: contained in the chloroplast and is responsible for synthesis of starch from the sugars produced by photosynthesis
Unicellular

44
Q

Gonium

A

Colony: small group of cells
Secrets a green gelatinous matrix around itself which holds the cells together
Cells communicate via slender cytoplasmic bridges, allows for movement
-eyespot
-flagella (possibly)

45
Q

Eudorina

A

Cells held together by a gelatinous matrix and communicate with each other via cytoplasmic bridges
More cells than a gonium
Gelatinous matrix

46
Q

Volvox

A

The organism wall is made up of a single layer of small cells
Each cell secrets a gelatinous matrix that allows cells to adhere to each other
Cytoplasmic bridges (may be visible)
Flagella
Multicellular

Bio 120 Lab (7 decks)

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