Lab 2 Flashcards
Cell wall
A relatively rigid layer found immediately outside the plasma membrane; in bacteria,archaea, plants, fungi and some protists; provides support and protection for the cell
Central vacuole
Membrane-bound organelle in plant cells that functions in storage of water, enzymes, ions, proteins, pigments and toxins; provides support to plant cell through maintenance of tugor pressure
Chloroplast
A chlorophyll-containing organelle where photosynthesis occurs; found only in plant and algae (algal protists)
Chromoplast
Plastid that contains pigments (carotenoids) giving colouration to flowers and fruits; making them attractive to animals for pollination and seed dispersal respectively
Cilium (cilia)
Short cellular appendages that facilitate locomotion ( in paramecium) or function to sweep fluid over the surface of the cell ( epithelial cells from nasal passage way)
Contractile vacuole
A membrane-bound organelle involved in osmoregulation in animal-like protists (amoebae and paramecium)
Cytoplasm
Fluid region of the cell contained within plasma membrane containing cytosol, organelles and cytoskeleton; functions in creating an environment for the processes that take place in the cell (movement, metabolic pathways)
Cytoskeleton
Network of protein filaments in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell; includes microtubules, intermediate filaments and microfilaments
Microfilament
Thin type of protein filament that forms as part of the cytoskeleton; important in cell strength, shape and movement; responsible for pseudopodia formation in Amoeba; composed of the protein actin
Microtubule
Hollow protein filament that is apart of the cytoskeleton; responsible for structure and movement of cilia and flagella, cell organization and shape; composed of the protein tubulin
flagella
Long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion in some cells (algae, sperm cells)
Food vacuole
Vacuole present in animal like protist and some cells of multicellular animals; contains food particles engulfed by cell
Golgi apparatus
Organelle made up of flattened, membrane-bound compartments that modify, store and ship products of the Endoplasmic reticulum
Leucoplast
Type of plastid that lacks pigment; different kinds of leucoplasts produce and store different macromolecules (starch, protein, fats)
Lysosomes
Small membrane-bound organelle that contains hydrolytic enzymes that digest a cell’s food and wastes
Mitochondria
Organelle that carries out cellular respiration and supplies most of cells ATP(energy)
Nucleolus
Prominent region in nucleus of non dividing cells where ribosomes subunit assembly occurs
Nucleus
Membrane-bound organelle containing most of cells genetic material; controls cells function (by directing protein synthesis); site of DNA synthesis and RNA transcription
Plasma membrane
Selectively permeable membrane that separates a cell’s contents from the surrounding environment and regulates passage of substances into and out of the cell
Ribosome
A structure made up of rRNA and protein, found in the cytoplasm, that synthesizes protein
Rough ER
Part of the ER that is studded with ribosomes; plays a key role in the initial synthesis and sorting of proteins for export
Smooth ER
ER with no ribosomes; functions in lipid synthesis and modification, detoxification of drugs and alcohol, storage and glycogen breakdown
Vesicle
A small, membrane-bound structure found within eukaryotic cells. May contain macromolecules ( proteins, lipids) for storage, transportation or secretion
