Lab 2

Question 1

Cell wall

Answer 1

A relatively rigid layer found immediately outside the plasma membrane; in bacteria,archaea, plants, fungi and some protists; provides support and protection for the cell

Question 2

Central vacuole

Answer 2

Membrane-bound organelle in plant cells that functions in storage of water, enzymes, ions, proteins, pigments and toxins; provides support to plant cell through maintenance of tugor pressure

Question 3

Chloroplast

Answer 3

A chlorophyll-containing organelle where photosynthesis occurs; found only in plant and algae (algal protists)

Question 4

Chromoplast

Answer 4

Plastid that contains pigments (carotenoids) giving colouration to flowers and fruits; making them attractive to animals for pollination and seed dispersal respectively

Question 5

Cilium (cilia)

Answer 5

Short cellular appendages that facilitate locomotion ( in paramecium) or function to sweep fluid over the surface of the cell ( epithelial cells from nasal passage way)

Question 6

Contractile vacuole

Answer 6

A membrane-bound organelle involved in osmoregulation in animal-like protists (amoebae and paramecium)

Question 7

Cytoplasm

Answer 7

Fluid region of the cell contained within plasma membrane containing cytosol, organelles and cytoskeleton; functions in creating an environment for the processes that take place in the cell (movement, metabolic pathways)

Question 8

Cytoskeleton

Answer 8

Network of protein filaments in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell; includes microtubules, intermediate filaments and microfilaments

Question 9

Microfilament

Answer 9

Thin type of protein filament that forms as part of the cytoskeleton; important in cell strength, shape and movement; responsible for pseudopodia formation in Amoeba; composed of the protein actin

Question 10

Microtubule

Answer 10

Hollow protein filament that is apart of the cytoskeleton; responsible for structure and movement of cilia and flagella, cell organization and shape; composed of the protein tubulin

Question 11

flagella

Answer 11

Long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion in some cells (algae, sperm cells)

Question 12

Food vacuole

Answer 12

Vacuole present in animal like protist and some cells of multicellular animals; contains food particles engulfed by cell

Question 13

Golgi apparatus

Answer 13

Organelle made up of flattened, membrane-bound compartments that modify, store and ship products of the Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

Leucoplast

Answer 14

Type of plastid that lacks pigment; different kinds of leucoplasts produce and store different macromolecules (starch, protein, fats)

Question 15

Lysosomes

Answer 15

Small membrane-bound organelle that contains hydrolytic enzymes that digest a cell’s food and wastes

Question 16

Mitochondria

Answer 16

Organelle that carries out cellular respiration and supplies most of cells ATP(energy)

Question 17

Nucleolus

Answer 17

Prominent region in nucleus of non dividing cells where ribosomes subunit assembly occurs

Question 18

Nucleus

Answer 18

Membrane-bound organelle containing most of cells genetic material; controls cells function (by directing protein synthesis); site of DNA synthesis and RNA transcription

Question 19

Plasma membrane

Answer 19

Selectively permeable membrane that separates a cell’s contents from the surrounding environment and regulates passage of substances into and out of the cell

Question 20

Ribosome

Answer 20

A structure made up of rRNA and protein, found in the cytoplasm, that synthesizes protein

Question 21

Rough ER

Answer 21

Part of the ER that is studded with ribosomes; plays a key role in the initial synthesis and sorting of proteins for export

Question 22

Smooth ER

Answer 22

ER with no ribosomes; functions in lipid synthesis and modification, detoxification of drugs and alcohol, storage and glycogen breakdown

Question 23

Vesicle

Answer 23

A small, membrane-bound structure found within eukaryotic cells. May contain macromolecules ( proteins, lipids) for storage, transportation or secretion