Lab 25: Excretory System Flashcards
Excretory System
- nitrogenous waste created by the metabolism is toxic and must be excreted
- excreted in forms of urea, ammonia, or uric acid
Three Processes of Excretory System
- filtration of body fluid, hemolymph, or blood
- selective reabsorption
- secretion
Kidney Function
- produces urine that then flows through the ureter to the bladder to be stored
- filters the blood of waste
- nephron: functional unit of the kidney
Fetal Pig Urinary System Diagram
(Female)
Fetal Pig Urinary System Diagram
(Male)
Kidney Diagram
Cortex Function
- outer layer inside the kidney
- location of filtration and reabsorption
Medulla Function
- inner part of the kidney
- location of reabsorption in the inner part of the kidney
Renal Pyramid
-wedges inside the inner kidney
Renal Pelvis
-open space inside the kidney that links it to the ureter
Renal Artery
-brings oxygenated blood to the kidney for filtration
Renal Vein
-takes deoxygenated blood away from the kidney to the heart
Ureter
-passage way that carries filtered urine from the kidney to the bladder
Adrenal Glands
- located on top of the kidneys
- secrete hormones, such as adrenaline, that affect blood pressure, heart rate, and sweating
Kidney Tissue
Pathway of Urine Formation in the Nephron
- afferent arteriole
- glomerulus
- Bowmans Capsule
- efferent arteriole
- proximal tube
- descending loop of Henle
- ascending loop of Henle
- distal tube
- collecting duct
Afferent Arteriole
-start of the flow of blood from the renal artery to the glomerulus
Glomerulus
-location of blood filtration
Bowman’s Capsule
- surrounds the glomerulus
- collects fluid from the glomerulus
Efferent Arteriole
-carries filtered blood away from the glomerulus
Proximal Tube
-reabsorbs water, ammonia, and glucose
Descending and Ascending Loops of Henle
-conserves water and creates a concentrated urine
Distal Tube
-reabsorption of water and sodium
Collecting Duct
- end of the nephron pathway
- returns water from the filtrate to the bloodstream
- connects nephron to the ureter to bring the new filtered urine to the bladder
Components that affect Urine Color
- pH: average of 6.0; more acidic means high protein diet or PKU disorder; more alkaline means urinary tract infection or alkalosis
- glucose: normally contain a small trace of glucose (30 mg/100 mL); glycosuria is when glucose levels are high
- ketone: not usually present in urine; ketonuria is a result from starvation or diabetes
- protein: usually restricted due to large size; albuminurea is when they are excreted in the urine due to glomerular damage
Urochrome
- pigment in the urine that makes it yellow
- breaks down products of hemoglobin
Specific Gravity
- measurement of the amount of dissolved solids in a solution
- average of 1.0000
- detected by the device called urinometer
- hyposethenuria: less than 1.015
- hypersthenuria: more than 1.030
Index Case
- individual who carries a specific virus and infects others
- rate at which a virus is spread is calculated by 2n where n equals the number of contact rounds
