Lab 25: Excretory System

Question 1

Excretory System

Answer 1

• nitrogenous waste created by the metabolism is toxic and must be excreted
• excreted in forms of urea, ammonia, or uric acid

Question 2

Three Processes of Excretory System

Answer 2

1. filtration of body fluid, hemolymph, or blood
2. selective reabsorption
3. secretion

Question 3

Kidney Function

Answer 3

• produces urine that then flows through the ureter to the bladder to be stored
• filters the blood of waste
• nephron: functional unit of the kidney

Question 4

Fetal Pig Urinary System Diagram

(Female)

Answer 4

Question 5

Fetal Pig Urinary System Diagram

(Male)

Answer 5

Question 6

Kidney Diagram

Answer 6

Question 7

Cortex Function

Answer 7

• outer layer inside the kidney
• location of filtration and reabsorption

Question 8

Medulla Function

Answer 8

• inner part of the kidney
• location of reabsorption in the inner part of the kidney

Question 9

Renal Pyramid

Answer 9

-wedges inside the inner kidney

Question 10

Renal Pelvis

Answer 10

-open space inside the kidney that links it to the ureter

Question 11

Renal Artery

Answer 11

-brings oxygenated blood to the kidney for filtration

Question 12

Renal Vein

Answer 12

-takes deoxygenated blood away from the kidney to the heart

Question 13

Ureter

Answer 13

-passage way that carries filtered urine from the kidney to the bladder

Question 14

Adrenal Glands

Answer 14

• located on top of the kidneys
• secrete hormones, such as adrenaline, that affect blood pressure, heart rate, and sweating

Question 15

Kidney Tissue

Answer 15

Question 16

Pathway of Urine Formation in the Nephron

Answer 16

1. afferent arteriole
2. glomerulus
3. Bowmans Capsule
4. efferent arteriole
5. proximal tube
6. descending loop of Henle
7. ascending loop of Henle
8. distal tube
9. collecting duct

Question 17

Afferent Arteriole

Answer 17

-start of the flow of blood from the renal artery to the glomerulus

Question 18

Glomerulus

Answer 18

-location of blood filtration

Question 19

Bowman’s Capsule

Answer 19

• surrounds the glomerulus
• collects fluid from the glomerulus

Question 20

Efferent Arteriole

Answer 20

-carries filtered blood away from the glomerulus

Question 21

Proximal Tube

Answer 21

-reabsorbs water, ammonia, and glucose

Question 22

Descending and Ascending Loops of Henle

Answer 22

-conserves water and creates a concentrated urine

Question 23

Distal Tube

Answer 23

-reabsorption of water and sodium

Question 24

Collecting Duct

Answer 24

• end of the nephron pathway
• returns water from the filtrate to the bloodstream
• connects nephron to the ureter to bring the new filtered urine to the bladder

Question 25

Components that affect Urine Color

Answer 25

- **pH**: average of 6.0; more **acidic** means high protein diet or PKU disorder; more **alkaline** means urinary tract infection or alkalosis - **glucose**: normally contain a small trace of glucose (30 mg/100 mL); **glycosuria** is when glucose levels are high - **ketone**: not usually present in urine; **ketonuria** is a result from starvation or diabetes - **protein**: usually restricted due to large size; **albuminurea** is when they are excreted in the urine due to glomerular damage

Question 26

Urochrome

Answer 26

- pigment in the urine that makes it yellow - breaks down products of hemoglobin

Question 27

Specific Gravity

Answer 27

- measurement of the amount of dissolved solids in a solution - average of 1.0000 - detected by the device called **urinometer** - **hyposethenuria**: less than 1.015 - **hypersthenuria**: more than 1.030

Question 28

Index Case

Answer 28

- individual who **carries** a specific virus and infects others - rate at which a virus is spread is calculated by **2ⁿ **where n equals the number of contact rounds