Lab 24: Respiratory System Flashcards
Lung Ventilation
- contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles
- trachea lined with tough cartilage
- main function: gas exchange
Define Contraction of the Diaphragm
- increases the volume in the thoracic cavity
- lowers the air pressure in the lungs
- creates a negative pressure
Define Relaxation of the Diaphragm
- decreases the volume in the thoracic cavity
- forces air out of the lungs
Human Respiratory System Diagram
Fetal Pig Respiratory System Diagram
Pathway of Airflow
- nares
- nasopharynx
- glottis
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchi
- bronchioles
- alveoli
Nares Function
-prevent dust from entering the lungs by mucus and hair
Nasopharynx Function
-equalizes air pressure
Glottis Function
-sound production
Larynx Function
- provides airway between pharynx and trachea
- switching channel that routes air and food
Bronchi Function
-conduct air into and out of the lungs
Bronchioles Function
-conduct air to the alveoli
Alveoli
- location of gas exchange
- oxygen poor blood enters
- oxygen rich blood leaves
- contain blood capillaries on surface
- normal lung tissue
- open space, circular alveoli
- Emphysema tissue
- diseases, dead alveoli
- more empty space
- no gas exchange occuring
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
- total volume of air that lungs can hold
- average TLC is 6 liters
- measured by a spirogram
- TLC = Vital Capacity + Residual Capacity
Tidal Volume (TV)
-volume of air that passes into and out of the lungs during normal restful breathing
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
-extra air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal inhalation
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
-extra air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal exhalation
Residual Volume (RV)
-amount of air remaining in the lungs that cannot be forcefully expelled
Vital Capacity (VC)
- TV + IRV + ERV collectively together
- average of 4.8 liters
- affected by height, age, sex, astham, and bronchitis
