Lab 2 - The Cell Flashcards
Plasma membrane
the sturdy selectively permeable outer barrier of the cell, which controls what enters & exits the cell
Nucleus
houses genetic info (DNA), controls cellular structure & directs cellular functions
Nucleolus
produces ribosomes
Ribosome
site of protein synthesis; proteins & ribosomal RNA
Cytosol
fluid portion of the cytoplasm that surrounds the organelles
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
network of flattened sacs that synthesize glycoproteins & phospholipids; ribosomes attached to membrane system
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
network of tubules that synthesize lipids (fatty acids & steroids); membrane system; lipid synthesis (testes & ovaries); detoxification (liver cells); Ca++ storage (muscle)
Golgi apparatus
modifies, sorts, packages & transports proteins rec’d from rough ER (“post office”)
Mitochondrion
“powerhouse” of the cell, generate energy or ATP
Lysosome
formed by the golgi complex & contain digestive enzymes that breakdown a variety of molecules; DNA can be broken down
Centrioles
organizing center for growth of mitotic spindles & microtubules
Cytoskeleton
network of protein filaments that extend through the cytosol
Simple squamous epithelium
FUNCTIONS: -Filtration -Diffusion -Rapid exchange of materials SAMPLE LOCATIONS: -air sacs of lungs -filtration membranes of kidneys -lines blood vessels (endothelium) -serous membranes (mesothelium)
Simple cuboidal epithelium
FUNCTION: -secretion SAMPLE LOCATIONS: -kidney tubules -glands
Simple columnar epithelium
FUNCTIONS:
-secretion
-absorption
-may be cilliated or non-cilliated; cilliated cells
SAMPLE LOCATIONS:
-non-ciliated: line GI tract (stomach to anus)
-cilliated: lining of spinal cord & brain
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
FUNCTIONS:
-secretion; may be cilliated or non-cilliated
SAMPLE LOCATIONS:
-respiratory tract
Stratified squamous epithelium
FUNCTIONS:
-protection (abrasion, water loss, UV radiation)
-1st line of defense against microbes
SAMPLE LOCATIONS:
-keratinized forms the superficial layer of skin (epidermis)
-non-keratinized lines wet surfaces (mouth & esophagus)
Transitional epithelium
FUNCTIONS:
-stretches to accommodate changes in volume
SAMPLE LOCATIONS:
-lines urinary bladder & portions of ureters & urethra
Epithelial tissues or epithelia
covers the surfaces of the body, line hollow organs, and act as glandular tissues (skin); make excellent barriers due to closely packed cells, have polarity, avascular, innervated, regenerative
