Lab 2 - The Cell

Question 1

Plasma membrane

Answer 1

the sturdy selectively permeable outer barrier of the cell, which controls what enters & exits the cell

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

houses genetic info (DNA), controls cellular structure & directs cellular functions

Question 3

Nucleolus

Answer 3

produces ribosomes

Question 4

Ribosome

Answer 4

site of protein synthesis; proteins & ribosomal RNA

Question 5

Cytosol

Answer 5

fluid portion of the cytoplasm that surrounds the organelles

Question 6

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

network of flattened sacs that synthesize glycoproteins & phospholipids; ribosomes attached to membrane system

Question 7

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

network of tubules that synthesize lipids (fatty acids & steroids); membrane system; lipid synthesis (testes & ovaries); detoxification (liver cells); Ca++ storage (muscle)

Question 8

Golgi apparatus

Answer 8

modifies, sorts, packages & transports proteins rec’d from rough ER (“post office”)

Question 9

Mitochondrion

Answer 9

“powerhouse” of the cell, generate energy or ATP

Question 10

Lysosome

Answer 10

formed by the golgi complex & contain digestive enzymes that breakdown a variety of molecules; DNA can be broken down

Question 11

Centrioles

Answer 11

organizing center for growth of mitotic spindles & microtubules

Question 12

Cytoskeleton

Answer 12

network of protein filaments that extend through the cytosol

Question 13

Simple squamous epithelium

Answer 13

FUNCTIONS:
-Filtration
-Diffusion
-Rapid exchange of materials
SAMPLE LOCATIONS:
-air sacs of lungs
-filtration membranes of kidneys
-lines blood vessels (endothelium)
-serous membranes (mesothelium)

Question 14

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 14

FUNCTION:
-secretion
SAMPLE LOCATIONS:
-kidney tubules
-glands

Question 15

Simple columnar epithelium

Answer 15

FUNCTIONS:
-secretion
-absorption
-may be cilliated or non-cilliated; cilliated cells
SAMPLE LOCATIONS:
-non-ciliated: line GI tract (stomach to anus)
-cilliated: lining of spinal cord & brain

Question 16

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Answer 16

FUNCTIONS:
-secretion; may be cilliated or non-cilliated
SAMPLE LOCATIONS:
-respiratory tract

Question 17

Stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 17

FUNCTIONS:
-protection (abrasion, water loss, UV radiation)
-1st line of defense against microbes
SAMPLE LOCATIONS:
-keratinized forms the superficial layer of skin (epidermis)
-non-keratinized lines wet surfaces (mouth & esophagus)

Question 18

Transitional epithelium

Answer 18

FUNCTIONS:
-stretches to accommodate changes in volume
SAMPLE LOCATIONS:
-lines urinary bladder & portions of ureters & urethra

Question 19

Epithelial tissues or epithelia

Answer 19

covers the surfaces of the body, line hollow organs, and act as glandular tissues (skin); make excellent barriers due to closely packed cells, have polarity, avascular, innervated, regenerative