Chapter 2 - Intro to Chemistry Flashcards
Compound
substance composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio
Mixture
substance composed of 2 or more components physically blended together; not a fixed ratio
Solution
homogeneous (evenly mixed) mixture of gases, liquids or solids
Solvent
dissolving medium, substance present in the greatest amount
Solute
substance that is dissolved, substance present in a smaller amount
Colloid or Emulsion
heterogeneous (unevenly mixed) mixture
Suspension
heterogeneous mixture, solutes tend to settle out and are visible
Organic compounds
CARBON-based compounds that are usually LARGE and COMPLEX
Inorganic compounds
compounds that usually LACK CARBON and are SIMPLE
Base
a substance that removes H+ ions from a solution
Acid
a substance that releases H+ ions into solution
Buffers
weak acids or bases that help minimize changes in pH
Dehydration synthesis
a synthesis reaction in which water is removed and a covalent bond is formed; results in something bigger
Hydrolysis
a decomposition reaction in which water is added and a covalent bond is broken
Exchange reaction
reactions in with both synthesis and decomposition occur
Catalyst
a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reactions
Enzyme
biological catalyst: a protein that speeds up chemical reactions
Isomers
substances with the same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms (so slightly different properties)
Functional groups
groups of atoms that participate in chemical reactions; groups of organic compounds attached to carbon skeleton that allow it to participate in chemical reactions.
Metabolism
the sum of all the chemical reactions that take place in the body; all synthesis, decomposition & exchange reactions taking place in body
Atomic #
of protons in nucleus
Mass #
sum of its protons and neutrons
of Electrons
of protons
Major elements that make up over 96% of the human body:
- Oxygen - O
- Carbon - C
- Hydrogen - H
- Nitrogen - N