Lab 2: Heart Flashcards
Ensure to study the diagrams of the heart!
The heart acts as a _____________
double pump
The ____________ of the heart is also known as the systemic circuit
left side
The left side of the heart is also known as the ________________
systemic circuit
The systemic circuit pumps blood to the __________________
whole body
The right side of the heart is known as the ________________
pulmonary circuit
The __________ of the heart is known as the pulmonary circuit
right side
The heart is divided into _________ and _________.
two atria
two ventricles
_______ are two small chambers.
Atria
Atria are covered by __________
auricles
_________ are two larger chambers.
Ventricles
The ______ ventricle is larger than the _______ ventricle. Why?
Left, Right,
because the Left Ventricle pumps blood throughout the whole body.
The Ventricles are separated by an _________________________
interventricular sulcus
Atria are delineated from the ventricles by a __________________
coronary sulcus
The heart is shaped like an upside-down pyramid with two ___________________.
anatomical landmarks
_______ is superior to _______.
Base
Apex
_________ is the region where blood vessels branch off the heart.
Base
There are valves separating chambers known as ________________________ to promote one-way movement of blood/prevent backflow
atrioventricular valves (AV)
_____________ separates the R atrium from R ventricle. (aka?)
Right AV valve
Tricuspid Valve
_____________ separates the L atrium from the L ventricle. (aka?)
Left AV valve
Bicuspid Valve or Mitral Valve
There are also valves that separate the ventricles from blood vessels called ___________________.
semilunar valves
______________ prevents backflow of blood from the aorta back into the L ventricle.
Aortic SLV
________________ prevents backflow of blood from the pulmonary trunk back into the R ventricle
Pulmonary SLV
The heart is a___________ organ, made up of cardiac muscle tissue known as the_______________.
muscular
myocardium
Thickening of myocardium between ventricles is known as the _________________________.
interventricular septum
The myocardium of the ventricles extend into projections known as the__________________.
trabeculaecarnae
Trabeculaecarnaeextend into___________________.
papillary muscles
Papillary muscles connect to______________________,which are the “_______________” that anchor theheart valves to the myocardium
chordaetendinae
heart strings
_______________________ is the volume inventricle at the end of diastole (after relaxing, refilling)
End diastolic volume(EDV)
typically 120 mL
_____________________ is the volume in ventricle at the end of systole (after pumping)
End systolic volume (ESV)
typically 50 mL
______________________ is defines as EDV – ESV; essentially how much blood is pumped from the ventricles with one contraction
Stroke volume (SV)
typically 120mL - 50mL = 70mL
An _______ is a way to track the electrical events of the heart
EKG
Results in chamber contraction: ___________
systole
Results in chamber relaxation: ___________
diastole
The __________ is associated with depolarization of the atria, which causes the atria to _________.
P Wave
contract
The __________________ is associated with depolarization of the ventricles, which causes the ventricles to ___________.
QRS Complex
contract
The ____________ is associated with the repolarization of the ventricles, which causes the ventricles to _________.
T-Wave
relax
Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium via _________________________________________.
inferior, superior vena cavas, coronary sinus
IVC, SVC, CS
Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the ______________________.
pulmonary veins
Oxygenated blood enters the ________________.
left Atrium
Coronary Circuit: Which arteries are involved? (4)
Left Coronary Artery
Right Coronary Artery
Circumflex Artery
Interventricular Arteries
Coronary Circuit: What veins are involved? (4)
Small cardiac vein
Middle cardia vein
Great cardiac vein
Coronary Sinus
Blood leaves the aortic semilunar valve and enters__________________. (right pathway of heart)
right coronary artery
The right coronary courses around the atrium to theposterior side of the heart
becomes the__________________________.
posterior interventricular artery
Blood leaves the aortic semilunar valve and enters the______________. (left pathway of heart)
left coronary artery
The left coronary artery splits:
courses to the posterior aspect of the heart as the______________________. travels down the anterior side of the heart as the_______________________.
circumflex artery
anterior interventricular artery(LAD)
All veins of the coronary circuit drain into the__________________,which empties into the ________________.
coronary sinus
right atrium
Before the heart can contract, there must be _____________ stimulation; ____________ events precede _____________ events
electrical
electrical, mechanical
The _________________ is a region of electrical tissue within the right atrium. It is aptly named the ______________ of the heart because it stimulates contraction of the heart
sinoatrial node (SA node)
pacemaker
The electrical signal travels from the SA node to the ____________________ at the junction of atria and ventricles
atrioventricular node (AV node)
The AV node then passes the electrical signal to the ______________________, then to the right and left bundle branches, which travel down the _______________________.
AV bundle (bundle of His)
interventricular septum
Finally, the electrical signal is passed to the _______________, which travel up the ventricle walls
Purkinje fibers
____________________ on cardiac muscle tissue represent channels of electrical communication, which let the heart contract in coordinate its contractions
Intercalated discs
Heart sounds are produced by _____________________.
closure of heart valves
