Digestive System Flashcards
What does GI stand for?
gastrointestinal
What is the GI tract also known as?
alimentary canal
What are the five steps of digestion? (Important)
- Ingestion
- Mechanical Digestion
- Chemical/Enzymatic Digestion
- Absorption
- Excretion
What types of teeth are there?
Incisors, Canines, Premolars, Molars
What is the manipulation of foods via muscular fibers?
Muscular Hydrostat
Saliva is secreted by how many pairs of salivary glands?
three
Saliva contains ___________ ____________ to begin the break-down of starch.
salivary amylase
The tongue secretes __________ __________ to break down fat.
lingual lipase
After chewing and chemical digestion, food is now called a __________.
bolus
Bolus moves through the esophagus via _______________.
peristalsis
________________: rhythmic contraction of smooth muscle
Peristalsis
More fibers permit ____________ range of movement! (stomach)
Greater
The inner curvature of the stomach is called the ___________ __________________.
lesser curvature
The outer curvature of the stomach is called the _______________ _________________.
greater curvature
The stomach regulates its storage of food through two _______________ (muscular rings):
sphincters
____________ _____________ ______________: prevents backflow of stomach acid into esophagus
Lower esophageal sphincter
____________ _____________: dictates when food can be passed on to the small intestine
Pyloric sphincter
Gastric juice comes from gastric glands of the stomach, composed of various cell types:
- Parietal Cells
- Chief Cells
- Mucus Cells
Once food has reached the small intestine it is called:
chyme
_______________ glands secrete mucus to neutralize highly acidic chyme from the stomach
Duodenal
What are the three segments of the small intestine?
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ileum
Most absorption occurs in which small intestine structure?
Jejunum
Which small intestine structure contains many immune structures?
Ileum
___________ are folds of the small intestine the increase surface area for more absorption; lots of ________ in the ______________.
Villi
jejunum
__________________ are projections on the villi that also increase surface area.
Microvilli
The small intestine also contains ___________ ____________ that aid in immunity against bacteria.
Peyer’s Patches
_______________ are specialized lymphatic vessels that facilitate absorption of large lipids
Lacteals
______________ _____________ is a small flap that separates the ileum from the cecum
Ileocecal valve
What is the order of the large intestines?
- Cecum
- Ascending Colon
- Transverse Colon
- Descending Colon
- Sigmoid Colon
- Rectum
- Anus
What is found in the ascending colon?
Right Colic Flexure
Hepatic Flexure
What is found in the descending colon?
Left Colic Flexure
Splenic Flexure
What kind of cells does the pancreas consist of?
acinar cells
The enzymes from the pancreas are dumped into the duodenum at the ___________ __________ ___________.
major duodenal papilla
Bile is released from the gall bladder upon secretion of _______.
CCK
