Lab 5: Endocrine System Flashcards
An endocrine organ is one who secretes its product directly into the ___________ ____________.
blood stream
There are also exocrine organs, but these secrete their products into __________ that lead elsewhere.
ducts
Endocrine organs secrete chemical messengers called _________________.
hormones
What are the structures of the endocrine system?
Brain
Pancreas
Kidneys
Adrenal Glands
Gonads
Pineal Gland
Pituitary Gland
Thyroid & Parathyroid
Thymus
The __________________ is a portion of the brain known as the “master regulator”
hypothalamus
The hypothalamus influences another brain portion, the ______________ ______________, also known as the “master gland”
pituitary gland
The hypothalamus and the pituitary gland are physically connected to one another via the ____________________.
infundibulum
The hypothalamus stores hormones known as ________________ hormones or ________________ hormones
releasing
inhibiting
The hypothalamus is therefore the regulator of the ________________ ______________ by producing and secreting multiple hormones
pituitary gland
What are the releasing hormones of the hypothalamus?
CRH: corticotropin releasing hormone
TRH: thyrotropin releasing hormone
GHRH: growth hormone releasing hormone
GnRH: gonadotropin releasinghormone
PRF: prolactin releasing factor
MRF: melanocyte releasing factor
What is the inhibiting hormone of the hypothalamus?
PIH: Prolactin inhibiting hormone
What is the order of hormones for each hormone?
hypothalamus hormone- the anterior pituitary gland-anterior pituitary hormone-target tissue-effect
CRH acts on the ________________ ______________ ______________ to produce______, which acts on the __________ ___________ to produce _____________ (stress response).
anterior pituitary gland
ACTH
adrenal cortex
cortisol
GnRH acts on the _____________ ____________ _____________ to produce _____, which acts on theovaries to stimulate _______________ and on the testes to produce _______________.
anterior pituitary gland
LH
ovulation
testosterone
GnRH acts on the anterior pituitary gland to produce ______, which acts on the ovaries to mature the ______ and on the testes to mature the _________.
FSH
egg
sperm
TRH acts on the anterior pituitary gland to produce _______, which acts on the _____________ glandto produce ______________ hormone.
TSH
thyroid
thyroid
PRFacts on the anterior pituitary gland to produce _______, which acts on the breast to produce __________.
PRL
milk
The rainbow flowchart WILL be on the Quiz!
Study It! It will just be missing things and you have to know what to replace it with.
PIH acts on the _____________ ____________ ___________ to prevent production of ________.
anterior pituitary gland
PRL
GHRH acts on the anterior pituitary gland to produce _____, which acts on muscles and bones to produce __________.
GH
growth
MRF acts on the anterior pituitary gland to produce ________, which acts on melanocytes to produce ___________.
MSH
melanin
Know the difference in structure between the anterior and posterior pituitary gland. It is always a test question.
Anterior: made up epithelial tissue that PRODUCES and RELEASES hormones
Posterior: made of up neural tissue that only RELEASES hormones
Anterior: made up epithelial tissue that PRODUCES and RELEASES hormones
Posterior: made of up neural tissue that only RELEASES hormones
The posterior pituitary releases hormones that are first made in the ____________________.
hypothalamus
What are the two hormones released by the posterior pituitary gland?
Oxytocin
ADH
The anterior pituitary gland produces seven main hormones from different cell types:What are they?
ACTH: Adrenocorticotropic hormone
LH: Luteinizing hormone
FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone
TSH: thyroid-stimulating hormone
PRL: prolactin
GH: growth hormone
MSH: melanocyte stimulating hormone
What is the target tissue for ACTH?
Adrenal Glands
What are the three layers of the adrenal cortex, from superficial to deep?
Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasciculata
Zona reticularis
Zona glomerulosa produces ______________ ________________.
mineral corticoids
What is the way that the hypothalamus communicates with the anterior pituitary gland via the blood?
Hypophyseal portal system
What is the way that the hypothalamus communicates with the posterior pituitary gland via the neurons?
Hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract
Zona fasciculata produces ___________________.
glucocorticoids
Zona reticularis produces ______ __________________.
sex hormones (androgens/gonocorticoids)
What is an example of a mineral corticoid?
Aldosterone
What is an example of a glucocorticoid?
Cortisol
What is an example of an androgen?
DHEA
What is defined by excessive ACTH secretion, leading to elevated cortisol levels?
Cushing’s Disease
What is described by insufficient ACTH secretion, leading to depressed cortisol levels
Addison’s disease
Thyroid hormone is produced by _____________ ___________ within the thyroid gland
follicular cells
Production of thyroid hormone requires ___________.
iodine
Inadequate _______ means inadequate production of thyroid hormone. This leads to a condition known as?
iodine
Goiter
In females, LH stimulates ______________.
ovulation
_________________: due to HYPER-secretion of GH (too much)
Gigantism
Milk production begins in the ____________ ___________, enters the ____________ ___________, ___________ __________.
mammary lobule
lactiferous ducts
lactiferous sinuses
Nipple is surrounded by the ___________.
areola
What is caused by low secretion of ADH, and is associated with another disease?
Diabetes Insipidus
What stimulates uterine contractions during labor?
Oxytocin
What causes milk RELEASE during breastfeeding?
Oxytocin
What is known as the “cuddle hormone?”
Oxytocin
The adrenal medulla secretes two related hormones, what are they?
norepinephrine and epinephrine
Stimulation of the adrenal medulla comes from… ?
sympathetic nerve stimulation
The endocrine portions of the pancreas are known as….. ?
Islets of Langerhans
Alpha cells of the pancreas secrete…. ?
glucagon
Beta cells of the pancreas secrete…. ?
insulin
Parafollicular cells release _______________ when blood calcium is too high
Calcitonin (CT)
Parafollicular cells release ______________ ______________ when blood calcium is too low.
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
What is produced when the atria of the heart are overstretched? (Where is it produced)
ANP
the auricles
How do kidneys respond to the atria (and right ventricle) being overstretched?
Increasing urine production
What does the pineal gland produce? (What is it sensitive to?)
melatonin
light
(Circadian)
