Lab 1: Blood

Question 1

What type of tissue is blood?

Answer 1

Connective Tissue

Question 2

What is connective tissue composed of?

Answer 2

Matrix + Specialized Cells

Question 3

What is whole blood?

Answer 3

Plasma + Formed Elements

Question 4

What is plasma?

Answer 4

Viscous watery solution containing solutes

Question 5

How much of whole blood does plasma make up approximately?

Answer 5

55%

Question 6

What are formed elements, and what are the main three?

Answer 6

Specialized cells/cell fragments found in blood.

1. Red Blood Cells
2. White Blood cells
3. Platelets

Question 7

What is a red blood cell?

Answer 7

Erythrocytes

Question 8

What is a white blood cell?

Answer 8

Leukocytes

Question 9

What is a platelet?

Answer 9

Thrombocyte

Question 10

How much of blood plasma is water?

Answer 10

92%

Question 11

What protein in blood plasma that is soluble is converted into an insoluble form?

Answer 11

Fibrinogen is converted into Fibrin

Question 12

What does Fibrin do?

Answer 12

Fibrin catches cells in the blood stream forming a blood clot.

Question 13

What is Serum?

Answer 13

Serum is blood plasma without fibrinogen

Question 14

What are the five types of white blood cells?

Answer 14

1. Monocyte
2. Lymphocyte
3. Eosinophil
4. Basophil
5. Neutrophil

Question 15

What is the most abundant of the formed elements?

Answer 15

Erythrocytes (RBC)

Question 16

What are Erythrocytes “lacking?”

Answer 16

1. A Nucleus
2. Mitochondria

For this reason, they are not considered “living”

Question 17

What are Erythrocytes filled almost entirely with?

Answer 17

Hemoglobin

Question 18

What is Hemoglobin?

Answer 18

Hemoglobin reversibly binds oxygen and carries it from the lungs to the rest of the cells in the body.

Question 19

What are the functional/structural characteristics of Erythrocytes?

Answer 19

1. They are extremely small (8 um)
2. They have a flattened shape (allowing them to stack)
3. They are bi-concave discs, (giving them the maximum surface area to volume ratio.)

Question 20

What is the most abundant to least abundant Leukocyte (WBC)?

Answer 20

neutrophils,lymphocyte, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils

Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas

Question 21

What are lymphocytes and their characteristics?

Answer 21

Lymphocytes are cells of the lymphatic system, they have a smooth appearance and a thin crescent of cytoplasm.

Question 22

Where do basophils typically accumulate?

Answer 22

At the site of an injury

Question 23

What do basophils release?

Answer 23

Heparin & Histamines

Question 24

What is the function of Heparin?

Answer 24

Slows blood clotting

Question 25

What is the function of Histamine?

Answer 25

Causes dilation of blood vessels.

Question 26

What are the characteristics of basophils?

Answer 26

Dark granules "Nerd candy" appearance

Question 27

Which white blood cell type is the most abundant?

Answer 27

Neutrophil

Question 28

What are the structure/function characteristics of neutrophil?

Answer 28

Phagocytic: engulfs/destroys foreign bodies. Makes the yellow/white appearance of pus Multi-lobed Nucleus

Question 29

What is the function of Monocytes?

Answer 29

They are Phagocytic and destroy invading pathogens and infected cells.

Question 30

What are the characteristics of Monocytes?

Answer 30

Large cell U-Shaped Nucleus

Question 31

What is the function of Eosinophils?

Answer 31

They attack and destroy large invading organisms. ex. Parasites

Question 32

What are the characteristics of Eosinophils?

Answer 32

Light Granules Bi-lobed Nucleus

Question 33

Are thrombocytes metabolically active and considered alive?

Answer 33

No

Question 34

Why are thrombocytes important for blood clotting?

Answer 34

They hold small sacs of proteins, specifically thrombin, which converts fibrinogen to fibrin.

Question 35

What is blood type determined by?

Answer 35

The antigens present on the surface of Erythrocytes (RBC).

Question 36

What determines of a blood type is positive or negative?

Answer 36

Rh antigen

Question 37

What does the body do in response to any type of blood type that is not naturally present?

Answer 37

Produce antibodies

Question 38

What occurs when blood types are mixed?

Answer 38

Agglutination: Clumping caused by antibodies binding to the alien blood cell antigens.

Question 39

What are the three blood pathologies we are expected to know?

Answer 39

Sickle Cell Anemia Leukemia Anemia

Question 40

What are the characteristics of sickle cell anemia?

Answer 40

Mutant hemoglobin distorts the shape of RBC into a crescent or sickle shape. These RBC do not transport oxygen well. They tend to clump up in blood vessels.

Question 41

What is Leukemia?

Answer 41

Cancer affecting Leukocytes (WBC). Abundant, mutant Leukocytes

Question 42

What is Anemia?

Answer 42

Anemia occurs when their is a lack of Red Blood Cells, or not enough hemoglobin content in them.

Question 43

What are the three blood tests we are expected to know?

Answer 43

Complete Blood Count (CBC) Hematocrit Hemoglobin Scale

Question 44

What does a complete blood count do?

Answer 44

Provides an overall picture of a patient's blood.

Question 45

What does a Hematocrit typically performed to do?

Answer 45

Rule out Anemia Determines the percentage of RBC in whole blood. Typical Ranges are as Follows Men: 42-52% Women: 37-47%