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Brain and Behavior Exam 1 > Lab 2 Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Lab 2 Cranial Nerves Flashcards

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1
Q

What 3 structures make up the brainstem?

A
  • midbrain
  • pons
  • medulla
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2
Q

What is the tectum of the midbrain?

A

the region dorsal to the cerebral aqueduct

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3
Q

What is the base of the brain stem?

A

the ventral aspect of brainstem

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4
Q

What is the tegmuntum?

A

the brainstem region dorsal to the base and ventral to the cerebral aqueduct/4th ventricle [exists in midbrain/pons/medulla]

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5
Q

What is the function of the substantia nigra in the midbrain?

A
  • part of basal ganglia motor control system
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6
Q

What is the function of cerebral peduncles in the midbrain

A

contains descending projections from cerebral cortex to brain and spinal cord

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7
Q

What is the function of the red nucleus in the midbrain?

A

part of cerebellar motor control system

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8
Q

What is the cerebral aqueduct in the midbrain?

A

part of ventricular system between 3rd and 4th ventricles

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9
Q

What is the function of the periaqueductal grey in the midbrain?

A

pain perception and control and reflexes for orienting to the source of sensory stimuli

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10
Q

What is the function of the superior collilculus in the midbrain?

A

sesnory-motor integration

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11
Q

What is the function of the inferior colliculus in the midbrain?

A

auditory processing

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12
Q

Which 3 nerves emerge from the midbrain?

A
  • oculomotor [CN III]
  • trochlear [CN IV]
  • tract of CN V
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13
Q

What part of the brainstem contains the caudal part of the 4th ventricle?

A

the medulla, rest is in pons

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14
Q

What is the function of superior cerebellar peduncles?

A

contain efferent axons from cerebellum to the red nucleus and thalamus

part of motor control system

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15
Q

What is the function of middle cerebella peduncles?

A

contain crossed projects from pontine nuclei to cerebellum

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16
Q

What is the function of pontine nuclei?

A

relay between cerebral cortex and cerebellum

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17
Q

What is the locus coeruleus?

A

nucleus that is principle site for brain NE production?

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18
Q

What is the principle site of NE production in the brain?

A

locus coeruleus

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19
Q

What structures are in the midbrain tectum?

A

XX

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20
Q

What is the function of the two areas of the reticular formation? where are each located?

A

caudal portion: located in medulla and lower pons, involved in motor and autonomic function

rostral: in upper pons and midbrain, important for eye movement control and regulating level of consciousness

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21
Q

What is the inferior olivary nucleus/complex?

A

part of cerebellar motor controll system

projects to opposite cerebellum via inferior cerebellar peduncle

22
Q

What is function of the medullary pyramids?

A

contain descending corticospinal axons/tracts

23
Q

Where does CSF drain from 4th ventricle into subarachnoid space?

A
  • at lateral angles of the pontomedullary junction
24
Q

What is importance of inferior cerebellar peduncle

A
  • integrates proprioceptive sensory input with motor vestibular
  • important for balance and posture maintenance
25
Q

What is the raphe nuclei of the medulla?

A

group of nuclei that release serotonin

26
Q

What is the medial lemniscus?

A
  • crossed fibers that carry somatosensory info through medulla, pons and midbrain to the thalamus
  • arises from dorsal columbs/gracile and cuneate nuclei and fasiculi
27
Q

What is important about the pyramidal decussation?

A

marks the boundary of medulla and spinal cord

28
Q

What is the obex?

A

point at which 4th ventricle narrows to become central canal of spinal cord

29
Q

What is locked in syndrome?

A
  • pt aware and awake but cannot move or communicate due to complete paralysis of voluntary muscles in body
  • exception = can move eyes
  • result of brainstem lesion at level of pons
30
Q

What causes locked in syndrome?

A
  • damage to brainstem at level of pons

- could be due to stroke or blockage at level of basilar artery [which gives rise to pontine arteries]

31
Q

What is the blood supply to the pons?

A

pontine arteries that come off of the basilar artery

32
Q

Why can cerebellar or tonsillar herniation be so deadly?

A
  • causes compression of the lower brainstem
  • increased pressure on brainstem leads to dysfunction in brain centers responsible for respiratory control and cardiac function
33
Q

Are motor or sensory cranial nerve nuclei located more medially in the brainstem?

A

MOTOR = MEDIAL

34
Q

What 3 cranial nerve nuclei/nerves/tracts have GSA?

A
  • trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus + tract
  • trigeminal prinicpal censory nerve
  • trigeminal spinal tract and nucleus
35
Q

what 1 sensory cranial nucleus has GVA/SVA?

A

solitary nucleus

36
Q

What 2 sensory cranial nerve nuclei have SSA fibers?

A
  • vestibular nuclei

- cochlear nuclei

37
Q

What 4 motor cranial nerve nuclei have GSE fibers?

A
  • oculomotor nucleus
  • trochlear nerve nucleus
  • abducens nerve nucleus
  • hypoglossal nerve nucleus
38
Q

What 3 motor cranial nerve nuclei have GVE fibers?

A
  • Edinger-Westphal nucleus [III]
  • dorsal motor vagal nucleus
  • nucleus ambiguus
39
Q

What 4 cranial nerve nuclei have SVE fibers?

A
  • trigeminal motor nucleus
  • facial nucleus
  • nucleus ambiguous
  • spinal accessor nucleus [of XI]
40
Q

Where does CN1 exit the brainstem?

A
  • does not emerge from brainstem

- emerges directly from forebrain

41
Q

Where does CN2 exit from brainstem?

A
    • does not emerge from brainstem

- emerges directly from forebrain

42
Q

Where does CN3 exit from brainstem?

A
  • ventrally

- from interpeduncular fossa of midbrain

43
Q

What is the gracile tract?

A
  • medial portion of dorsal column

- sensory fibers from lower body

44
Q

What is the cuneate tract?

A
  • lateral portion of dorsal column

- sensory fibers from upper body

45
Q

What does funiculus mean?

A

spinal cord white matter zone usually with more than one tract

46
Q

difference in function ventral vs dorsal horn?

A
  • both grey matter
  • dorsal = sensory
  • ventral = motor
47
Q

What is intermediolateral cell column? where is it present?

A
  • lateral side of grey matter horn
  • present in thoracic and lumbar
  • sympathetic preganglionic cell bodies
48
Q

What is clarke’s nucleus? where is it located?

A
  • in medial part of intermediate gray matter
  • present C8-L3
  • part of cerebellar motor control system
  • conveys limb position info to cerebellum
49
Q

cervical enlargement?

A

C5-T1

50
Q

lumbar enlargement?

A

L2-S2

Brain and Behavior Exam 1 (15 decks)

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