Lab 1

Question 1

Toad
Head
Eardrum

Answer 1

Triangular but blunt, bulging eye, nostrils opening
Tympanic membrane

Question 2

Viscera is covered by
Heart covered by
Gall bladder colour

Answer 2

Peritoneum or peritoneal cavity
Pericardial cavity, pericardium
Green

Question 3

Pyloric valve

Answer 3

Between pylorus and duodenum

Question 4

End of large intestine merges with reproductive ducts

Answer 4

Cloaca

Question 5

Duct from gall bladder,liver and pancreas
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Liver

Answer 5

Bile duct
Cystic
Pancreatic
Heparic

Question 6

Artery up
Artery down

Answer 6

Carotid
Sciatic

Question 7

First step in tissue preparation and why

Answer 7

Fixation with 10% formalin
Convert soluble proteins into insoluble
Prevent puterfaction through killing of bacteria
Increase affinity of tissue for Stain

Question 8

2nd step

Answer 8

Dehydration
Ascending alcohol grades 70-80-90-100
To avoid distortion and add hardness

Question 9

3rd step

Answer 9

Clearing, makes tissue translucent
Xylol

Question 10

Infiltration and embedding
Sectioning

Answer 10

Paraffin wax 50-56°C
Solid rectangular block
4-5um on microtome to form a ribbon

Question 11

Mounting

Answer 11

Paraffin ribbon on slide with water drops
Warming on hot plate
Remove excess water

Question 12

Staining types

Answer 12

Hematoxylin and eosin
Hematoxylin for nucleus blue basophilic
Eosin for cytoplasn red (acidophilic)

Question 13

Staining steps

Answer 13

Xylol to dissolve paraffin
Alcohol 100% to remove xylol
Hydrate with descending alcohol degrees
Stain in hematoxylin 5-7 mins
Wash
Counterstain 10 sec
Wash
Dehydrate ascending alcohol
Xylol to clear
DPX mount/ canada balsam