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Ongoing Meical Care > Lab 1 > Flashcards

Lab 1 Flashcards

1
Q

All blood and other potentially infectious materials are treated as if infected with blood born pathogens, including:

A
  1. Hepatitis B (HBV)
  2. Hepatitis C (HCV)
  3. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
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2
Q

Universal precautions apply to:

A

Blood
Tissue
Semen
Other body fluids

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3
Q

Universal Precautions do not apply to:

A
  • Feces
  • Nasal Secretions
  • Sputum
  • Sweat
  • Tears
  • Urine or vomit unless they contain blood
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4
Q

Specialize Clothing or equipment worn by a person to

A

Protect against a hazard

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5
Q

Face shields must be

A

Chin Length

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6
Q

Googles must have

A

Solid side shields

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7
Q

Who is in charge of OSHA

A

US Department of Labor and responsible for developing and enforcing workplace safety and health regulations

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8
Q

What is the Federal level organizations for laboratory safety requirements and procedures

A
  • Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
  • National institute for occupational Safety and Health (NIVOSH)
  • Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)
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9
Q

OSHA mission is

A
  • To assure the safety and health of America’s workers by setting and enforcing standards
  • Providing training, outreach and education
  • Establishing partnerships
  • Encouraging continual improvement in workplace
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10
Q

Who is in charge of NIOSH?

A

US department of Health and Human services and is an agency established to assure safe and healthful and working conditions for working men and women by providing research

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11
Q

What does the CFR regulate

A

Pertaining to the transportation of hazardous waste, and if violated there are fines and penalties.

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12
Q

What areas does CLIP apply to?

A

Medical departments aboard ships considered Non-Fixed Medical treatment Facilities

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13
Q

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Program DOD instruction

A

CLIP DOD 6440.02

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14
Q

When does the CLIP inspection occur and who can conduct it

A
  • Every 2 years

- Medical Laboratory officer or appointed Laboratory technician from hospitals in the area of responsibilities (AOR)

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15
Q

The CLIP binder must include

A
  1. Quality control on samples, test kits and analyzers
  2. Log of refrigerator and freezer temperature
  3. Maintenance logs for equipment maintained by biomed
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16
Q

Instructions for BUMED Laboratory management

A

BUMED 6280.1 series Management of Infectious Waste Instruction

NAVEDTRA 14295 series, chapter 19

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17
Q

What is SOFA

A

An agreement between a host nation and military forces. When a host nation’s rules and the Navy’s rules conflicts, always go with the stricter rule

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18
Q

Management of Infectious Waste Instruction

A

BUMED 6280.1 series

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19
Q

What is consider Non-Infectious

A

Medical waste that does not contain enough pathogen to be harmful

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20
Q

What are the criteria for Non-Infectious waste

A
  • Disposable products (diapers and used paper towels)
  • Non originating from post-partum suites or gynecological surgical wards
  • Small amounts of blood or other bodily fluids
  • Disposable products like bedpans, urinary catheters, and NG Tube, with no contents
  • Containers rinsed free of regulated body fluids
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21
Q

What are the regulated body fluids

A
  • Blood and blood components
  • Pleural fluids
  • Amniotic fluid
  • Synovial fluid
  • Peritoneal fluid
  • Pericardial fluid
  • CSF
  • Semen
  • Dialysate
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22
Q

What is considered infectious waste

A

Liquid or solid waste containing potential pathogens in sufficient numbers and virulence to cause disease in susceptible host exposed to the waste

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23
Q

What is considered Sharp

A

Objects or devices having acute rigid corners, edges, or protuberance capable of cutting or piercing

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24
Q

Segregate waste at

A

point of origin

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25
Q

Where do general, normal or non-infectious waste is placed

A

Standard trashcans and discarded via regular trash procedures

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26
Q

Where are infectious/regulated waste place?

A

Red biohazard bags

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27
Q

How are infectious waste/regulated waste bags handled when throwing them away

A

Double bagged, goose-necked, and secured with heavy tape

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28
Q

Sharps are placed in?

A

In a rigid, puncture-resistant, leak proof container

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29
Q

When are sharped containers taken out of service

A

90 days, 3/4 full or if a foul odor is detected

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30
Q

The storage area of infectious waste and the limit they must be in there

A
  • Mark with biohazard and authorized personnel only sign on the exterior
  • Should be near treatment or transport site and lockable
  • Keep clean and free of pest/rodents
  • up to 7 days storage limit
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31
Q

When disposing waste ashore, who must you comply with

A

Local, state, federal, and/or status of forces agreement (SOFA)

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32
Q

What should be monitored for disposal ashore

A 
date
time
amount
type 
disposition
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33
Q

What are the following criteria for requesting overboard discharge of infectious waste

A
  • Endangers health or safety
  • Creates unacceptable nuisance
  • Compromise of combat readiness
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34
Q

What the following conditions must be met for overboard discharging

A
  • CO Approval
  • Must be greater than 50 nautical miles from shore
  • Properly packaged and weighted for negative buoyancy
  • Entries must be made in the ships deck log and medical journal
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35
Q

Entries must be made in the ships deck log and medical journal indicate what

A

Date
Time
Ships location
Number of bags

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36
Q

What methods are used for blood collection

A

Venipuncture and capillary puncture

37
Q

When is capillary puncture use for

A

Pediatric Patients, Adults with extreme obesity, severe burns, and thrombotic tendencies

38
Q

Most common sites for capillary puncture in infants

A

Plantar surface of the heel perpendicular to the big toe

39
Q

Do not draw from IV sites because of

A

Dilutes Specimen

Alters test results

40
Q

What is the max depth for a finger puncture from a lancet

A

not exceed 2mm into the finger tip

41
Q

Which liquid anticoagulant is used in purple top

A

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)

42
Q

What studies are usually used for purple top

A

CBC
Differential WBC
ESR
A1C

43
Q

Laboratory policies aim to:

A

Provide a safe and healthful environment for everyone

44
Q

Needles are not to be

A

Recapped, bent, cut, broken, removed from syringes, or otherwise manipulated by hand

45
Q

Who to inform of all accidents, exposures or unsafe conditions and what to submit

A

Chain of command and A&I report

46
Q

Who is in charge of NIOSH?

A

US department of Health and Human services and is an agency established to assure safe and healthful and working conditions for working men and women by providing research

47
Q

How does EDTA prevent clotting

A

Binds to Calcium in the blood

48
Q

What does EDTA do to the cell

A

Does not affect cellular morphology

49
Q

How long can purple tops be refrigerated

A

24 hours

50
Q

What liquid anticoagulant used in light blue tops

A

Sodium Citrate

51
Q

What are typically used for light blue tops

A

Coagulation Studies:

  • Prothrombin Time (PT)
  • Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
  • Fibrinogen (Fib)
  • D-Dimer
52
Q

What does Sodium citrate do to prevent clotting

A

A chelating agent that binds to calcium

53
Q

How long are blue tops good for?

A

4 hours after collection

54
Q

What liquid or powder anticoagulant is used in green tops

A

Heparin

55
Q

What is heparin used for?

A

Plasma studies and Chemistry testing:

  • Ammonia
  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
56
Q

How does Heparin prevent clotting?

A

Inhibits the clotting enzyme, thrombin, by creating antithrombin
- Antithrombin prevents conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

57
Q

What are red tops used for and what do they contain

A
  • No anticoagulating factors

Used for:

  • Chemistry
  • Serology
  • Other test requiring serum
58
Q

What are Serum separator tube (SST)/Gold tops, tiger top, HIV tube (red/yellow) testing for and what do they have for anticoagulants

A

Does not contain any anticoagulation

Primarily for chemistry testing

59
Q

Where are sodium fluoride found in what tube and what do they test for

A
  • Grey top tube

- Used for glucose studies, ETOH level analysis, and Inhibits glycolysis

60
Q

Contraindications for leaving a tourniquet for prolonged situations

A

Produce measurable increase blood cell concentration (hemoconcentration)

61
Q

What is the fill additive-containing tubes Order

A

Blood Culture tubes, Blue top, red top, SST, green top, lavender top, and gray top

62
Q

What is the normal WBC count range

A

4.5-11.0 x 10^3/mm^3

63
Q

What are the critical values for WBC count

A

Low: <2000/mm^3
High: >30,000/mm^3

64
Q

Neutrophils percentage in the blood

A

50-70% most abundant

65
Q

Eosinophils in the blood percentage

A

1-5%

66
Q

Basophils percentage in the blood

A

0-1%

67
Q

Lymphocytes percentage in the blood

A

20-40% second most abundant

68
Q

What are the granulocytes

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

69
Q

What are the agranulocytes

A

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

70
Q

Monocytes percentage in the blood

A

1-6%

71
Q

Normal range for Male and Female RBC

A

Male: 4.5-5.9 x 10^6 cells/uL
Females: 4.5-5.1 x 10^6 cells/uL

72
Q

What is the Mean Corpuscular Volume. What does it mean when there is an increase of MCV and a decrease of MCV

A

An estimate of the average volume size of RBC

Increase: Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency
Decrease: Hgb Synthesis

73
Q

What is Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin. What happens if there is a increase and decrease

A

Amount of Hemoglobin per RBC

Increase: Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency
Decrease: Iron Deficiency

74
Q

What is the Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC). What is the normal range and the calculations for it

A

Average Concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red blood cells

Normal: 30-35 g/dl

Equation: MCHC= Hgb/Hct x100

75
Q

What is the main component of the red blood cell and is a protein that helps transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

Hemoglobin

76
Q

Normal range for male and female and the critical value of RBC

A

Males: 14-17.5 g/dL
Females: 12.3-15.3 g/dL
Critical Value (Low): <8 g/dL

77
Q

What is the ratio of the volume of erythrocytes to that of the whole blood and is 3 times the Hgb

A

Hematocrit

78
Q

Normal range of Hematocrit for Males and Femals

A

Male: 42-52%
Females: 37-47%

79
Q

Normal range for Platelet count and the Critical value

A

150,000-400,000 /mm^3

Low: <20,000 /mm^3; Risk of hemorrhage or spontaneous bleeding considered life threatening
High: >1,000,000 /mm^3; Risk of Thrombosis

80
Q

What is low WBC and high WBC count and the causes for both

A

Low: Leukopenia; Bone marrow deficiency or failures, Collagen-vascular disease and Chemo

High: Leukocytosis; Sever Emotional or physical stress, Trauma, intense exercise

81
Q

What is used to describe malignant appearing cells and what causes this?

A

Atypical Lymphocytes

Infectious mononucleosis

82
Q

What is eosinophilia

A

An increase of eosinophils is typical in parasitic infections and allergic disorders

83
Q

Hct value below the reference interval of age and sex

A

Anemia

84
Q

Hct value above the reference interval of age and sex

A

Polycythemia

85
Q

What is hypochromasia

A

Seen in iron deficiency anemia and in thalassemia

86
Q

What color does Granulocytes appear in a QBC star tube

A

Orange

87
Q

What color does Lymphocytes/monocytes appear in a QBC star stain

A

Green

88
Q

What color does platelets stain in a QBC star

A

Yellow

89
Q

What is used to clean a QBC star

A

10% household bleach and allow to stand 10 min, then rinse with water and dry

Ongoing Meical Care (7 decks)

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