Clinical Care of Hematologic, Immune and Lymphatic system Flashcards
What level anemia is defined by a hematocrit levels of male and female adults?
Male: less than 47%
Females: less than 37%
What should be ordered for every patient coming in for a blood disorder/condition
CBC (Complete blood count) with differential
What is the most common cause of anemia world wide
Iron deficiency
What increases the chances of anemia
Menstruation, pregnancy, and frequent blood donors
What are hall mark signs and symptoms for anemia
- Skin and mucosal changes
- Smooth tongue
- brittle nails
- cheilosis (cracks on the corners of the mouth)
- Develop Pica, craving for specific foods (Ice chips) often not rich with iron
Treatment for Anemia
Ferrous sulfate (iron supplement) 325 mg three times a day for 3-6 months
What will be the serum be for someone with vitamin B12 deficiency
Serum vitamin B12 level <100 pg/mL
Which people are most common who have vitamin B12 deficiency
Vegans (strict vegetarians who avoid all dairy products as well as meat and fish)
When doing a CBC w/ Diff, what is a hallmark for Vitamin B12 deficiency?
Megaloblastic anemia (LARGE RBC) characteristic find is macro-ovalocyte with hyper-segmented neutrophils
What are the lab results for Overt deficiency and symptomatic deficiency for vitamin B12
Overt: <170 pg/mL
Symptomatic: <100 pg/mL
What is the treatment for vitamin B12 deficiency
IM injection of vitamin B12. Daily for the first week, weekly for the first month, then monthly for life
What deficiency is a hereditary enzyme defect that causes episodic hemolytic anemia because of the decreased ability of red blood cells to deal with oxidative stresses
Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)
Oxidized hemoglobin denatures and forms precipitants called what and what do they do to the cell?
- Heinz bodies
- Cause membrane damage, which leads to removal of these cells by the spleen
Hemolysis occurs as a results of oxidative stress on the red blood cells, generated by drugs to include
Primaquine (malaria medication
Dapsone Quinidine Quinine Sulfonamides Nitrofurantoin Aspirin Ciprofloxacin
What are the shape of cells you would see in a red blood cell smear in G6PD patients
reveal a small number of (bite) cells