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RHS > L9- RTI II > Flashcards

L9- RTI II Flashcards

1
Q

describe the structure of Adenovirus

A

medium sized, non-enveloped, linear dsDNA, icosahedral

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2
Q

One key component of Adenovirus is the (1) embedded in the (capsule/capsid). Its serotypes are based on (3). (4) is another unique determining feature when in plasma/lab setting.

A

1- VAP (viral attachment proteins)
2- capsid
3- penton base fiber protein
4- hemagglutination

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3
Q

Adenovirus:

  • (lytic / persistent / latent) infections
  • (2) season with most incidences
  • (3) typical patients or settings for disease
  • (4) result of most infections
A

1- all three types of infections (lytic- mucoepithelium, latent- adenoid cells)
2- n/a, persistent throughout the year
3- young school children, young adults in close quarters (dorms)
4- subclinical

Note- ubiquitous in humans/animals, possible vector for gene therapy

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4
Q

(T/F) adenovirus has an available vaccine

A

T- Type 4&7 for military personnel

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5
Q

Adenovirus causes which of the following:

  • hemagglutination
  • respiratory infections
  • GI infection
  • conjunctivitis
A

(all)

hemagglutination, RT/GI infections, conjunctivitis

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6
Q

Rhinovirus causes which of the following:

  • hemagglutination
  • respiratory infections
  • GI infection
  • conjunctivitis
A

-respiratory infections

NO to the others

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7
Q

Coronavirus causes which of the following:

  • hemagglutination
  • respiratory infections
  • GI infection
  • conjunctivitis
A

hemagglutination, RT/GI infections

NO conjunctivitis

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8
Q

list the attachment method and the premier season for: Adenovirus, Coronavirus, Rhinovirus

A

Rhino: summer

Adeno: fiber proteins, year round

Corona: spikes, winter

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9
Q

Adenovirus:

  • (1) enables attachment to host cell receptor
  • (2) common receptor it attaches to
  • (3) internalization into host cell process
A

1- fiber protein
2- CAR (coxsackie adenovirus receptor- for serotypes 2, 5)
3- receptor mediated endocytosis

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10
Q

Adenovirus:

  • (1) is survival time in environment
  • (2) is key component with toxic activity
  • (3) are the cellular changes to the host cell
A

1- 7 days - 3 mos
2- Penton Base (for serotyping)
3- cell rounding, enlargement, aggregation

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11
Q

swimming pool conjunctivitis (and other water related viral infections) is related to _______ virus

A

adenovirus

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12
Q

describe the structure of Coronavirus

A
  • large, enveloped, (+)sense linear ssRNA virus, helical nucleocapsid
  • characteristic crown on surface on EM

(largest of all +ssRNA viruses)

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13
Q

Coronavirus:

  • (1) genera
  • (2) and (3) are specific epidemic serotypes
  • (4) peak season of incidences
  • (5) typical route of transmission
A

1- α, β, γ, δ
2- MERS-CoV (β coronavirus - Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome)
3- SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome)
4- winter
5- airborne droplets

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14
Q

most common cause of common cold is (1); 2nd most is (2)

A

1- rhinovirus

2- coronavirus

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15
Q

list the important Coronavirus proteins and their functions

A
  • E1 / matrix glycoprotein: transmembrane protein
  • E2 / spike protein / peplomeric glycoprotein: binds to host cell + fusion activity
  • H1 / hemagglutinin protein: hemagglutination, binding, entry
  • N / nucleoprotein: ribonucleoprotein
  • L / polymerase: RNA polymerase
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16
Q

list the Coronavirus protein according to function:

(1) hemagglutination, binding, entry
(2) binds to host cell + fusion activity
(3) ribonucleoprotein
(4) transmembrane protein
(5) RNA polymerase

A 
1- H1, hemagglutinin
2- E2, spike protein, peplomeric glycoprotein
3- N, nucleoprotein
4- E1, matrix glycoprotein
5- L, polymerase (very large protein)
17
Q

Coronavirus causes a (1) type of infection of (2) cells. Coronavirus also affects (3) in addition to respiratory tract because of its (4) property. It has a (5) survival time in the environment.

A 
1- cytolytic infection
2- respiratory epithelium
3- GIT (gastroenteritis)
4- glycoprotein 'corona'/'halo' helps its survival in GIT
5- 3 hrs
18
Q

compare the survival times of adenovirus, coronavirus, and rhinovirus on dry inanimate surfaces

A

Adeno- 7 days - 3 mos (enveloped)
Corona- 3 hrs (enveloped)
Rhino- 2 hrs - 7 days (non-enveloped)

19
Q

SARS is a (1) type virus and is associated with the (2) region.

A

1- coronavirus

2- southeast asia and china

20
Q

SARS:

(1) reservoir
(2) common intermediate host
(3) both routes of transmission
(4) incubation period

A

1- bats
2- civet cats (animals eaten as delicacies in China)
3- respiratory droplets (person-to-person) OR maybe airborne, fecal-oral, fomites
4- 2-10 days

21
Q

SARS clinical features:

(1) describe the 1st phase
(2) describe the 2nd phase
(3) less common Sxs

A

1- Prolonged Prodrome, 3-7 days: T>100.5F, malaise, HA, myalgia (no URT Sxs)

2- Respiratory Phase (at end of prodrome): *non-productive cough, dyspnea, respiratory failure

3- diarrhea, chest pain, pleurisy, sore throat, rhinorrhea

22
Q

SARS clinical features:

(1) popular finding in blood work
(2) laboratory tests completed
(3) radiological findings

A

1- **Lymphopenia (70-90% of cases)
2- (via respiratory secretions, serum/plasma, or stool samples) Serology, RT-PCR
3- pneumonia (by day 7-10)

23
Q

MERS is a (1) type virus found exclusively in (2) area. Its usual host is (3). It has an incubation period of (4).

A

1- coronavirus
2- Arabian Peninsula (Saudi)
3- (Arabian camels) dromedary
4- 2-14 days

24
Q

list the clinical features of MERS (include what conditions / patients are affected most)

A
  • fever w/ or w/o chills/rigors
  • cough, SOB, hemoptysis, sore throat
  • GI Sxs

Much worse syndrome for Pts with comorbidities: DM, HTN, CKD, HD (40% mortality rate)

Note- also abnormal chest radiography

25
Q

describe the diagnosis of MERS

A

Sample: LRT/URT secretions, serum

Tests: rRT-PCR, serology

Note- no Tx besides precautions about spreading disease

26
Q

EV-D68 is a (1- include family) type virus with the following structural features, (2). It mainly affects (3) people/patients, particularly (4) are at risk. Transmission is through (5).

A

1- non-polio enterovirus in picornavirus family
2- non-enveloped, (+)ssRNA
3- extremes of age (<20, elderly)
4- children with asthma/wheezing
5- respiratory / GI secretions (worse in summer and fall)

27
Q

In EV-D68 infections, ________ is the key symptom.

A

(enterovirus)
***acute flaccid paralysis (polio-like syndrome)

Note- no specific Tx used

28
Q

______ on the pharynx is a key sign of pharyngitis

A

petechiae

29
Q

Most pharyngitis is caused by (1- give %). The next most popular cause in (2- give %), where (3) and (4) are most evident.

A

1- viral, 50% (many types)
2- bacterial, 20% (many types)
3- GAS (S. pyogenes)
4- corynebacterium diphtheria

30
Q

list the cardinal symptoms of Pharyngitis

A

sore throat
fever
HA
dysphagia

31
Q

Pharyngitis:

  • (1) maybe the cause if there is recent orogenital contact
  • (2) and (3) are evident with viral causes, (4) specifically for adenovirus
  • (5) is present in Rheumatic fever
A 
1- N. gonorrhea
2- rhinorrhea
3- rash
4- conjunctivitis
5- murmurs
32
Q

list the additional symptoms that can be seen in GAS pharyngitis

A
  • No Cough
  • vomiting (tonsillar exudate)
  • tonsillopharyngeal / palatal petechiae
  • tender anterior cervical nodes (superficial and deep)
  • rash
33
Q

what are the 4 signs/criteria that implicate a possible GAS pharyngitis

A
  • absence of cough
  • swollen/tender anterior cervical lymph nodes (superficial and deep)
  • T > 100.4F
  • tonsillar exudates / swelling
34
Q

routine bacterial specimens are placed on the following agars…

A

blood agar
chocolate agar (heated/lysed blood agar)
MacConkey’s agar

35
Q

Bordet-Gengou agar is for (1)

Tinsdale agar / Cysteine-Tellurite agar is for (2)

A

1- Bordetella Pertussis

2- Corynebacteria Diphtheria

36
Q

what is the agar for:

(1) C. diphtheria
(2) bordetella pertussis

A

1- Tinsdale agar // Cysteine-Tellurite agar

2- Bordet-Gengou agar

RHS (35 decks)

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