L9- RTI II Flashcards
describe the structure of Adenovirus
medium sized, non-enveloped, linear dsDNA, icosahedral
One key component of Adenovirus is the (1) embedded in the (capsule/capsid). Its serotypes are based on (3). (4) is another unique determining feature when in plasma/lab setting.
1- VAP (viral attachment proteins)
2- capsid
3- penton base fiber protein
4- hemagglutination
Adenovirus:
- (lytic / persistent / latent) infections
- (2) season with most incidences
- (3) typical patients or settings for disease
- (4) result of most infections
1- all three types of infections (lytic- mucoepithelium, latent- adenoid cells)
2- n/a, persistent throughout the year
3- young school children, young adults in close quarters (dorms)
4- subclinical
Note- ubiquitous in humans/animals, possible vector for gene therapy
(T/F) adenovirus has an available vaccine
T- Type 4&7 for military personnel
Adenovirus causes which of the following:
- hemagglutination
- respiratory infections
- GI infection
- conjunctivitis
(all)
hemagglutination, RT/GI infections, conjunctivitis
Rhinovirus causes which of the following:
- hemagglutination
- respiratory infections
- GI infection
- conjunctivitis
-respiratory infections
NO to the others
Coronavirus causes which of the following:
- hemagglutination
- respiratory infections
- GI infection
- conjunctivitis
hemagglutination, RT/GI infections
NO conjunctivitis
list the attachment method and the premier season for: Adenovirus, Coronavirus, Rhinovirus
Rhino: summer
Adeno: fiber proteins, year round
Corona: spikes, winter
Adenovirus:
- (1) enables attachment to host cell receptor
- (2) common receptor it attaches to
- (3) internalization into host cell process
1- fiber protein
2- CAR (coxsackie adenovirus receptor- for serotypes 2, 5)
3- receptor mediated endocytosis
Adenovirus:
- (1) is survival time in environment
- (2) is key component with toxic activity
- (3) are the cellular changes to the host cell
1- 7 days - 3 mos
2- Penton Base (for serotyping)
3- cell rounding, enlargement, aggregation
swimming pool conjunctivitis (and other water related viral infections) is related to _______ virus
adenovirus
describe the structure of Coronavirus
- large, enveloped, (+)sense linear ssRNA virus, helical nucleocapsid
- characteristic crown on surface on EM
(largest of all +ssRNA viruses)
Coronavirus:
- (1) genera
- (2) and (3) are specific epidemic serotypes
- (4) peak season of incidences
- (5) typical route of transmission
1- α, β, γ, δ
2- MERS-CoV (β coronavirus - Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome)
3- SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome)
4- winter
5- airborne droplets
most common cause of common cold is (1); 2nd most is (2)
1- rhinovirus
2- coronavirus
list the important Coronavirus proteins and their functions
- E1 / matrix glycoprotein: transmembrane protein
- E2 / spike protein / peplomeric glycoprotein: binds to host cell + fusion activity
- H1 / hemagglutinin protein: hemagglutination, binding, entry
- N / nucleoprotein: ribonucleoprotein
- L / polymerase: RNA polymerase
list the Coronavirus protein according to function:
(1) hemagglutination, binding, entry
(2) binds to host cell + fusion activity
(3) ribonucleoprotein
(4) transmembrane protein
(5) RNA polymerase
1- H1, hemagglutinin 2- E2, spike protein, peplomeric glycoprotein 3- N, nucleoprotein 4- E1, matrix glycoprotein 5- L, polymerase (very large protein)
Coronavirus causes a (1) type of infection of (2) cells. Coronavirus also affects (3) in addition to respiratory tract because of its (4) property. It has a (5) survival time in the environment.
1- cytolytic infection 2- respiratory epithelium 3- GIT (gastroenteritis) 4- glycoprotein 'corona'/'halo' helps its survival in GIT 5- 3 hrs
compare the survival times of adenovirus, coronavirus, and rhinovirus on dry inanimate surfaces
Adeno- 7 days - 3 mos (enveloped)
Corona- 3 hrs (enveloped)
Rhino- 2 hrs - 7 days (non-enveloped)
SARS is a (1) type virus and is associated with the (2) region.
1- coronavirus
2- southeast asia and china
SARS:
(1) reservoir
(2) common intermediate host
(3) both routes of transmission
(4) incubation period
1- bats
2- civet cats (animals eaten as delicacies in China)
3- respiratory droplets (person-to-person) OR maybe airborne, fecal-oral, fomites
4- 2-10 days
SARS clinical features:
(1) describe the 1st phase
(2) describe the 2nd phase
(3) less common Sxs
1- Prolonged Prodrome, 3-7 days: T>100.5F, malaise, HA, myalgia (no URT Sxs)
2- Respiratory Phase (at end of prodrome): *non-productive cough, dyspnea, respiratory failure
3- diarrhea, chest pain, pleurisy, sore throat, rhinorrhea
SARS clinical features:
(1) popular finding in blood work
(2) laboratory tests completed
(3) radiological findings
1- **Lymphopenia (70-90% of cases)
2- (via respiratory secretions, serum/plasma, or stool samples) Serology, RT-PCR
3- pneumonia (by day 7-10)
MERS is a (1) type virus found exclusively in (2) area. Its usual host is (3). It has an incubation period of (4).
1- coronavirus
2- Arabian Peninsula (Saudi)
3- (Arabian camels) dromedary
4- 2-14 days
list the clinical features of MERS (include what conditions / patients are affected most)
- fever w/ or w/o chills/rigors
- cough, SOB, hemoptysis, sore throat
- GI Sxs
Much worse syndrome for Pts with comorbidities: DM, HTN, CKD, HD (40% mortality rate)
Note- also abnormal chest radiography
describe the diagnosis of MERS
Sample: LRT/URT secretions, serum
Tests: rRT-PCR, serology
Note- no Tx besides precautions about spreading disease
EV-D68 is a (1- include family) type virus with the following structural features, (2). It mainly affects (3) people/patients, particularly (4) are at risk. Transmission is through (5).
1- non-polio enterovirus in picornavirus family
2- non-enveloped, (+)ssRNA
3- extremes of age (<20, elderly)
4- children with asthma/wheezing
5- respiratory / GI secretions (worse in summer and fall)
In EV-D68 infections, ________ is the key symptom.
(enterovirus)
***acute flaccid paralysis (polio-like syndrome)
Note- no specific Tx used
______ on the pharynx is a key sign of pharyngitis
petechiae
Most pharyngitis is caused by (1- give %). The next most popular cause in (2- give %), where (3) and (4) are most evident.
1- viral, 50% (many types)
2- bacterial, 20% (many types)
3- GAS (S. pyogenes)
4- corynebacterium diphtheria
list the cardinal symptoms of Pharyngitis
sore throat
fever
HA
dysphagia
Pharyngitis:
- (1) maybe the cause if there is recent orogenital contact
- (2) and (3) are evident with viral causes, (4) specifically for adenovirus
- (5) is present in Rheumatic fever
1- N. gonorrhea 2- rhinorrhea 3- rash 4- conjunctivitis 5- murmurs
list the additional symptoms that can be seen in GAS pharyngitis
- No Cough
- vomiting (tonsillar exudate)
- tonsillopharyngeal / palatal petechiae
- tender anterior cervical nodes (superficial and deep)
- rash
what are the 4 signs/criteria that implicate a possible GAS pharyngitis
- absence of cough
- swollen/tender anterior cervical lymph nodes (superficial and deep)
- T > 100.4F
- tonsillar exudates / swelling
routine bacterial specimens are placed on the following agars…
blood agar
chocolate agar (heated/lysed blood agar)
MacConkey’s agar
Bordet-Gengou agar is for (1)
Tinsdale agar / Cysteine-Tellurite agar is for (2)
1- Bordetella Pertussis
2- Corynebacteria Diphtheria
what is the agar for:
(1) C. diphtheria
(2) bordetella pertussis
1- Tinsdale agar // Cysteine-Tellurite agar
2- Bordet-Gengou agar
