L9 anatomy

Question 1

central partition between the 2 pleural sacs limited on either side by mediastinal pleura
extends:
superiorly to the thoracic inlet
inferiorly to the diaphragm
anteriorly to the sternum
posteriorly to the vertebrae
on each side- mediastinal pleura

Answer 1

Mediastinum

Question 2

content of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ :
1- thymus
2-arch of aorta
3-superior vena cava
4- esophagus
5- trachea
6-arch of azygos vein

Answer 2

Superior mediastinum

Question 3

contents of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_:
1-in front of body of sternum + sinus gland
2- sternopericardial ligaments
3- internal thoracic artery and vein
4-behind: pericardium
below diaphragm

Answer 3

Anterior (inferior) mediastinum

Question 4

contents of _______:
1- ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
2-lower part of superior vena cava
3-phrenic nerves (L&R) along with the heart
4- bifurcation of trachea, right and left bronchi
below diaphragm

Answer 4

middle (inferior) mediastinum

Question 5

contents of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_:
1-vagus nerve
2-azygos vein
3- thoracic duct
4-esophagus
below diaphragm

Answer 5

posterior (inferior) mediastinum

Question 6

the lung on either side immediately collapses(due to pleura filled with air) and mediastinum is deflected to opposite side, the patient suffers from breathlessness and upon examination trachea and heart are displaced to opposite side.

Answer 6

Pneumothorax

Question 7

fibromascular/ musculo-tendinous structue

• main function is respiration
• developed from inner transverse layers of body wall muscles

Answer 7

Diaphragm

Question 8

fibromascular/ musculo-tendinous structue
- main function is respiration
attachment :
a) sternal origin: inner surface of Xiphoid process
b)costal origin: lower six ribs and their costal cartilages
c) vertebral origin: (from behind) right and left crus (crura) and medial and lateral arcuate ligament

Answer 8

Diaphragm

Question 9

is the thickened upper margin of the fascia covering the anterior surface of Psoas Major muscle

Answer 9

Medial arcuate ligaments

Question 10

Is the thickened upper margin of the fascia covering the anterior surface of Quadratus Lumborum

Answer 10

Lateral arcuate ligament

Question 11

medial borders of the 2 crura connected by a ________ which crosses over the anterior surface of the aorta (T12)

Answer 11

Median Arcuate Lig

Question 12

openings of Diaphragm : (*Voice *Of *America)
1- at T8 : _____
2- at T10: _____
3- at T12: _____

Answer 12

1- Vena cava (inferior)
2- (O)esophagus
3- ATA (*Aorta) thoracic duct and azygos vein

Question 13

blood supply of diaphragm:
A) costal margin (main) : ________ and subcostal vein and artery
B)arising from crura (abdominal): L&R inferior phrenic arteries from ____
C) superior phrenic artery from ____

Answer 13

A)intercostal arteries
B) aorta
c)thoracic aorta

Question 14

• happens during constipation and labor
  -increases abdominal pressure
  blood and lymph will move from high to low conc

Answer 14

Abdominal straining

Question 15

involuntary spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm

Answer 15

Hiccup

Question 16

abnormal opening in the diaphragm especially during birth

• may occur in middle age person due to weak musculature
• abdominal contents herniate into thorax causing respiratory problems

Answer 16

Diaphragmatic hernia