L1+2 Biochem Flashcards
- complex to simple molecules
- exergonic (energy releasing)
- convergent process
- pathways are typically oxidative and require oxidized coenzymes such as NAD+
Catabolic/catabolism
- precursor(simple) molecules into complex molecules
- endergonic (require energy)
- divergent process
- involves reductions
- requires NADPH
Anabolic/anabolism
facilitated diffusion allows entry of fructose mediated by _____ (sodium independent)
GLUT 5
- transport occurs with a concentration gradient
- No energy is required
- GLUT-1 to 14
Na+ independent facilitated diffusion transport
___ and ___ and ___ are primarily involved in glucose uptake
GLUT-1
GLUT-3
GLUT-4
-found in liver and kidney
can transport glucose into these cells AND out of them (both ways)
GLUT-2
- galactose and glucose are taken into enterocytes by Secondary active transporter that requires Na+ (and ATP)
- movement of glucose is coupled to the concentration gradient of Na+ which is mediated by (a)_____
- occurs in epithelial cells of intestine and renal tubules
Na+ monosaccharide cotransporter system
(a) SGLT= Na+ dependent glucose cotransporter
major pathways involved in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: 1- glycolysis 2-gluconeogenesis 3-glycogen metabolism 4- pentose phosphate pathway
CHO metabolism
major pathways involved in __________:
1-glycolysis
2-citric-acid cycle
3-oxidative phosphorylation
Fuel metabolism
the study of energy changes accompanying biochemical reactions
-isothermic
Bioenergetics
1 kcal = ___ kJ
4.2
- energy can be neither created nor destroyed
e. g chemically stored energy transformed to heat
First Law of Thermodynamics
- efficiencies of energy transformation never equal 100%
- entropy (S): the amount of disorder in a system
Second Law of Thermodynamics
the free energy change (A G) of a system is the _______________ that is available for useful work.
portion of the total energy
expresses the amount of energy capable of doing work during a reaction at a constant temperature and pressure
Free energy OR Gibbs free energy (G)