L7 anatomy

Question 1

• has 2 orifices called nostrils separated by septum
• above part there’s the nasal, maxillary and frontal bone
• below part, there’s plates of hyaline cartilage

Answer 1

External nose

Question 2

nasal cavity:
1- divided into right and left halves by ___
2- open into the face by ___, posterior opening onto the_____ by posterior nasal aperture (choana)

Answer 2

1- nasal septum

2- nostril, nasopharynx

Question 3

boundaries of the nasal cavity:
A) roof:
1- \_\_\_ bone
2- cribriform plate of \_\_
3- body of \_\_
-
 B) floor:
 1-  \_\_\_ palate
-
C) medial wall (nasal septum):
1- \_\_\_ cartilage
2- perpendicular plate of \_\_\_
3- \_\_\_
-
D) lateral wall:
1- dilatation above nostril (called \_\_\_)
2-depression above and behind the nostril (called \_\_\_)
3- 3 nasal \_\_\_ : superior, middle, inferior

Answer 3

A1- nasal
A2-ethmoid
A3- sphenoid
-
B1- hard
-
C1-septal
C2- ethmoid
C3-vomer
-
D1- Vestibule
D2- Atrium
D3- conchae

Question 4

spaces below each concha

superior: receives posterior ethmoid air sinus
middle: bulla ethmoidalis, hiatus semilunaris
inferior: receives opening of nasocraminal duct

Answer 4

Meatus

Question 5

special sensation nerve (for smelling)

Answer 5

Olfactory nerve

Question 6

the common site for epistaxis (bleeding of the nose)

Answer 6

Little’s area

Question 7

-air-filled spaces in skull bones surrounding the nose
-absent at birth (except maxillary sinus)
functions:
-decrease the weight of the skull
-increase the resonance of voice

Answer 7

Paranasal sinuses

Question 8

paranasal sinuses (FAAM):
1-\_\_\_\_ air sinus : opens into sphenosmoidal recess
2-\_\_\_\_ air sinus: opens into middle meatus
3-\_\_\_\_ air sinus: anterior and middle open into middle meatus , posterior opens into superior meatus
4-\_\_\_\_ sinuses: opens in the middle meatus

Answer 8

1- sphenoid (Anterior)
2- frontal
3- ethmoid (Anterior)
4-maxillary

Question 9

funnel-shaped musculomembranous wall, which is deficient anteriorly
-extends from base of skull to lower border of 6th cervical vertebra
muscles :
1- superior, middle, inferior constrictor muscles (overlapping each other): circular
2- stylopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus muscles: longitudinal

Answer 9

pharynx

Question 10

- lies above soft palate , behind nasal cavities
shows the:-
-nasopharyngeal tonsil *
-opening of auditory (eustachian) tube *
-tubal elevation *
- pharyngeal recess *

Answer 10

nasal pharynx

Question 11

• lies behind oral cavity, extends from soft palate above epiglottis
• palatine tonsil(pair) on lateral wall *

Answer 11

Oral pharynx

Question 12

• lies behind larynx opening

- piriform fossa : depressoin

Answer 12

Laryngeal pharynx

Question 13

cartilages of larynx:
A) 3 single
A1-___: 2 lamina, laryngeal prominence (adam’s apple)
A2-___: ring shaped
A3-___: leaf like lamella of elastic cartilage

B) 3 paired
B1- ___: pyramidal in shape (base,apex)
B2-___: lying on apex of arytenoid
B3-cuneiform

Answer 13

A1- thyroid (hyaline)
A2-cricoid (hyaline)
A3- epiglottis

B1- Arytenoid
B2- Corniculate

Question 14

vocal ligament covered with mucus membrane is called_____

Answer 14

Vocal cord

Question 15

muscles of larynx:
1- _____ muscles: elevators and depressors
2-_____ muscles: control the laryngeal inlet, and *muscle increasing length and tension of vocal cords (cricothyroid)

Answer 15

1- extrinsic

2- intrinsic