L3+4 anatomy Flashcards
- forms the main trunk of the body
- made up of skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum
Axial skeleton
- surrounds and protects the brain
- consist of 8 bones
1 frontal
2 temporal
2 parietal
1 occipital
1 sphenoid
1 ethmoid
Neurocranuim
- consists of 14 bones: 2 maxilla 2 zygomatic 2 lacrimal 2 palatine 2 nasal 2 inferior 1 vomer 1 mandible
Viscerocranuim
allows for enlargement of skull as brain growth occurs
-made up of membrane and cartilage, turns into bone after 18 months of age
Fontanels
areas where cranial bones have jointed together
sutures
openings in bones that allow nerves and blood vessels to enter or leave the bone
Foramina
2 fontanelles:
1-anterior
2-posterior
4 sutures:
1-squamous
2-coronal
3-sagittal
4-lamboid
composed of 33 vertebrae: 7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral (all fused) 4 coccygeal (lower 3 are fused)
vertebral column
pads of cartilage tissue that separate the vertebrae
- act as shock absorbers
- permit bending and twisting movement of the vertebral column
Intervertebral disks
12 ribs attach to the thoracic vertebrae on the dorsal side of the body:
a. ___ ribs: first 7 pairs- attach directly to the sternum
b. ___ ribs: next 5 pairs-first 3 attach to the cartilage of the rib above, last 2 are called floating ribs because they have no attachment in front of the body
a. True ribs
b. false ribs
consists of 3 parts:
manubrium-upper region
gladiolus-body
xiphoid process-small piece of cartilage at bottom
Sternum
- manubrium attached to ____
- ribs attach to the ____ to form a “cage” to protect the heart
- clavicle
- sternum
- connects the upper limb to the trunk
- made up of 2 clavicles and 2 scapulas
pectoral girdle
arm bone: 1- \_\_\_ upper arm 2-\_\_\_ lower arm of thumb side 3-\_\_\_ larger bone of lower arm 4-\_\_\_ 8 wrist bones 5-\_\_\_ -14- 3 on each finger and 2 on the thumb
1-humerus 2-radius 3-ulna 4-carpals 5-phalanges
- connects between lower limb and vertebral column
- made up of 2 hip bones
Pelvic girdle (pelvis)
where the hip bone join together on the ventral part of the body
symphysis pubis (catilage)
hip bone-three parts:
1- ilium
2- ischium
3- pubis
____- socket that provides for the attachment of the femur
____-opening between the ischium and pubis to allow passage of nerve and blood vessels to and from legs
- Acetabulum
- Obturator foramen
muscle tissue 4 characteristics: 1-excitability : can\_\_\_ 2-contractility: can\_\_\_ 3-extensibility: can\_\_\_ 4-Elasticity: \_\_\_
1- receive and respond to stimulation
2-shorten and thicken
3-lengthen
4-after contracting or lengthening, it wants to return to its resting state
- attached to bone
- function is movement of bone
- voluntary
- long and slender shaped
- striated light and dark bands
- many nuclei
Skeletal muscle
- function is beating of heart
- involuntary
- branching shape
- striated
- one or two nuclei
Cardiac muscle
- located in walls of internal organs+skin
- function is movement of internal organs
- involuntary
- spindle shape
- non-striated
- one nucleus
Smooth muscle
- consists of filaments of actin and myosin
- responsible for contraction
Myofibrils
muscles according to shape:
1-___: fascicles arranged in rings, surrounds body openings e.g eye opening+anus os
2-___: has a broad origin
3-___: in a parallel arrangement
3a. strap like the sartorius muscle of the thigh
3b. spindle like the biceps brachii of the arm
4-___: fascicles are short and attach obliquely to a central tendon, 3 forms: unipennate, Bipennate(opposite sides), Multi pennate (side by side)
1-Circular
2-convergent
3-Parallel
4-pennate
usually the proximal attachment site
-fixed point(does not move)
Origin of muscle
usually the distal attachment site
-movable point
insertion of muscle
sites of intramuscular injection:
1-___: look out for sciatic nerve, given in butt
2-___: common site, upper arm 3 fingers width
3-___: right on top of the thigh (instead of butt for children)
4-___: outer thigh, in the middle
1-gluteal
2-deltoid
3-rectus femorus
4-vastis lateralis
