L8+9 physiology

Question 1

1-the size of the smallest capillary in the blood?
2- smallest blood composition(2μm)?
3- the size of RBC?

Answer 1

1- 6μm
2- Platelets
3- 7μm

Question 2

Blood pH ranges from __ to __

Answer 2

7.35 to 7.45

Question 3

RBC membrane has a _____ that gives erythrocytes their flexibility

Answer 3

Protein spectrin

Question 4

____= plasma minus clotting proteins

-does not contain clotting factors

Answer 4

Serum

Question 5

is the ratio of RBCs volume to the total blood volume

Answer 5

Hematocrit

Question 6

1-___ HV levels: polycythemia (>45%) and dehydration (severe vomiting and diarrhea)
2-___ HV levels: in anemia (<45%), overhydration, female and pregnancy

Answer 6

1- High

2- Low

Question 7

in macrophages of liver and spleen:
1-___ portion is broken down into amino acids and recycled.
2-___ portion is split into iron(Fe+3) and biliverdin(green pigment)

Answer 7

1- globin

2-Heme

Question 8

the average size of RBC expressed in femtoliters(fl)

-normal value is 80-100 (or 87) femtoliters

Answer 8

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

Question 9

nucleus 2-5 lobed

• fine purple granules
• first cell to reach site of infection
• main function:phagocytosis

Answer 9

Neutrophil

Question 10

• bilobed nuclei
• found in lining of respiratory and digestive tracts
  function: protection against infections caused by parasites secrete anti-inflammatory in allergic reactions

Answer 10

Eosinophils

Question 11

• irregular lobes
• exhibit diapedesis
• contain histamine and heparin
• function:like eosinophils, they play a role in both parasitic infections and allergies

Answer 11

Basophils

Question 12

• **only type of WBCs that return to the blood after diapedesis
• vary in life span (few days to 4-5 years) depending on body
• function: immune responses and memory
• two types:T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes(produce antibodies)

Answer 12

Lymphocytes

Question 13

• dark bean-shaped nuclei
• largest WBC
• differentiates into Macrophages
• function: phagocytosis, activate Lymphocytes

Answer 13

Monocytes

Question 14

difference between Neutrophils and Monocytes?
1-location:
2-immature or mature

Q/who is the more powerful phagocyte?

Answer 14

Neutrophils: (microphages) located in circulating blood+
mature

Monocytes: (macrophages) located in Tissues+ begin their life as immature cells in blood

A/Monocytes

Question 15

Q/how will the macrophage specifically go to the infection site?

Answer 15

A/the virus will be sending Chemotaxis

Question 16

• Leukopenia is a ___ in WBC

- Leukocytosis is an ___ in WBC

Answer 16

• Decrease

- Increase

Question 17

during phagocytosis of bacteria

end products include H2O2 (hydrogen peroxidase) which is an example of ______

Answer 17

the reactive oxygen species