L9 高血壓 Flashcards

1
Q

惡性高血壓收縮壓舒張壓有咩指數

A

惡性高血壓的收縮壓通常大於200 mmHg,舒張壓大於120 mmHg。

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2
Q

高血壓小動脈對內膜,血管有咩影響

A

持續高血壓會導致小動脈內膜增厚,血管收窄,增加周邊阻力,進而導致左心室肥大。

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3
Q

主動脈出現咩令血管壞死,形成動脈瘤

A

高血壓可加速主動脈壁的粥狀硬化,這會導致血管壞死,並可能形成動脈瘤。

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4
Q

皮質酮同血壓高低有咩影響

A

皮質酮(如醛固酮)會促進鈉和水的滯留,增加血容量,從而提高血壓。

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5
Q

晚期有咩表徵

A

晚期可能出現頭痛、頭暈、嘔吐或視力模糊等症狀。

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6
Q

心雜音代表咩

A

心雜音可能表示心臟結構異常或血流動力學問題,如瓣膜病或心室肥大。

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7
Q

血脂水平點影響血壓

A

高血脂水平可能導致動脈粥樣硬化,增加血管阻力,從而提高血壓。

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8
Q

非藥物治療

A

非藥物治療包括體重控制、規律運動、飲食調整、戒煙戒酒、壓力管理。

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9
Q

減輕體重增加咩濃度

A

減輕體重能增加血中高密度脂蛋白(HDL)的濃度。

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10
Q

DASH飲食包括什麼

A

DASH飲食包括豐富的水果、蔬菜、全穀類、低脂乳製品、瘦肉、魚類和堅果。

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11
Q

規律運動有咩幫助

A

規律運動有助於減輕體重、增加血中高密度脂蛋白濃度及降低血壓。

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12
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide有咩用

A

這是一種利尿劑,主要用於治療高血壓,透過抑制鈉的重吸收來降低血壓。

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13
Q

Furosemide 亨利氏環利尿劑

A

這是一種強效的利尿劑,作用於亨利氏環上升段,能迅速排除鈉和水分,降低血壓。

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14
Q

AceI 成隻藥效過程

A

ACEI通過抑制腎素-血管緊縮素系統來減少血管緊縮素II的生成,擴張血管,降低血壓。

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