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Viruses & Parasites > L84 > Flashcards

L84 Flashcards

1
Q

Define encephalitis

A

Inflam of BRAIN

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2
Q

Define meningo-encephalitis

A

Inflam meninges + brain

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3
Q

Define encephalo-myelitis

A

Inflam of brain + spinal cord

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4
Q

Encephalitis presenting symptoms

A

“Sleepy or acting weird”
Changes in consciousness
Changes in personality
Ataxia

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5
Q

Viral causes of encephalitis (usually not 1ary presentation - more likely a 2ary complication)

A

HSV
Other herpes viruses
Enteroviruses
Measles, mumps, JC

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6
Q

How does West Nile present?

A
  1. 80% asymptomatic
  2. AMS
    Fever
    Asymmetrical weakness w/ decreased reflexes of all extremities
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7
Q

West Nile virus family & genome

A 
Flavi virus (Flavored corona)
\+ssRNA
- Cytoplasmic replication
Icosahedral 
Enveloped - buds out
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8
Q

West Nile vector vs resevoir

A 
Mosquito = vector
Reservoir = birds
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9
Q

West Nile pathogenesis

A

Mosquito bites
Infects DCs at skin
Viremia = when get symptoms
CNS penetration + neuron invasion

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10
Q

What part of immune system controls West Nile?

A

Everything!

Need IFN + Ab + cell mediated

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11
Q

What genetic variant increases susceptibility to severe presentations of West Nile?

A

CCR5 delta 32
Butttt gives HIV resistance….
HIV resistance is better than the downsides of getting West Nile

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12
Q

What is the most common viral cause of encephalitis in the US?

A

West Nile

Esp summer & fall when mosquitoes are active

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13
Q

West Nile vaccine?

A

Nope

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14
Q

What is the “home grown West Nile”? Describe presentation.

A

St. Louis Encephalitis

Meningoencephalitis but without the paralysis of West Nile

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15
Q

What is the viral family of Eastern & Western Equine viruses? Therefore, describe genome.

A

Toga
+ssRNA - cytoplasmic replication
Icosahedral
Enveloped - buds

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16
Q

Describe the steps in which E&W Equine genome is transcribed.

A 
\+ssRNA parent 
Make non-structural proteins
- Including RNA pol
RNA pol makes -ssRNA from +parent 
-ssRNA codes for 
1. +ssRNA for new viruses
2. mRNA --> codes for structural proteins

+ssRNA –> structural –> RNA pol & -ssRNA –> +ssRNA & mRNA –> structural proteins

17
Q

Presentation of East Equine virus.

A

Acute: non-specific fever illness
2-3 days = encephalitis
If you progress to encephalitis, MUCH higher mortality w/ eastern

18
Q

Presentation of West Equine virus.

A

Asymptomatic or mild fever illness
Small grp develop encephalitis
Low mortality

19
Q

Equine resevoir vs vector

A

Horses + birds = reservoir

Transmitted by mosquitoes

20
Q

Buzzword for Eastern vs Western

A 
Eastern = USA swamps 
Western = USA irrigation sites
21
Q

What is the family and genome for La Crosse aka California viruses?

A 
Bunya (Bring pol...)
-ssRNA - cytoplasm replication
*Brings own RNA pol*
Helical capsid
Enveloped
22
Q

California virus presentation

A

Kids: neuroinvasive disease
I.e. seizures
Likely to recover w/o long term complications but scary in the short term
Least severe of all the mosquito borne encephalitis

23
Q

How is California virus transmitted? Where?

A

Triseriatus mosquitoes
Live in hollowed out trees along forest edges
Midwest & south USA

24
Q

Rabies - genome + family

A

Rhabdo
- ss RNA
Helical capsid
Enveloped

25
Q

Rabies pathogenesis

A

Bite from rabid animal
Into muscle cells - SLOW replication - months
Eventually enters motor nerve
Retrograde
FAST replication - spreads throughout CNS
Peripheral dissemination

26
Q

Once rabies gets to the CNS, what are the 2 types of damage that can occur - how does each determine symptomatic presentation?

A 
1. Encephalopathic  
Dysregulation of NT = excitatory state 
Hyperactivity/agitated before...
2. Paralytic 
Ascending flaccid paralysis 
Neuron necrosis = coma
27
Q

What might you see in muscle cells infected with rabies on histo?

A

Negri bodies = accumulation of M protein = matrix protein as virus replicates and buds out

28
Q

Immune response to rabies

A

Abs vs G protein = attachment to muscle cells

Too slow - don’t kick in until in CNS

29
Q

What is the most common rabies host in the US vs worldwide?

A

US = feral cats
World = dogs
- Aka if someone in your clinic has rabies from a dog, they got it outside the US
Always be worried about bats, raccoons, etx

30
Q

Symptoms of rabies

A 
Numbness at bite site
Diplopia 
N&V
CN palsy 
Unsteady gait
31
Q

Rabies incubation

A

LONG b/c localized

30-90 days

32
Q

What’s a weird symptoms that is a clue for rabies?

A

Fear of water

Suggests in encephalopathic stage of acute neuro disease

33
Q

Test for rabies

A

CSR culture

DFA stain neck skin biopsy

34
Q

Treat rabies

A

Gotta do it in the WINDOW period - when still localized in skin
2 parts:
+ rabies Ig
+ vaccine - must give IM in DELTOID

Viruses & Parasites (21 decks)

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