L80 Flashcards
What viruses cause the common cold?
- Rhinovirus
- Corona (MERS)
Adeno
Entero
Parainflu, flu, RSV, metapneumo
Rhinovirus:
DNA or RNA?
Be sure to include specifics
Rhinovirus
+ ssRNA
What are characteristics that rhinovirus requires for optimal growth?
Cooler temps!
Nose > lungs
Rhinovirus attaches to host cells via….
ICAM 1
How does rhinovirus cause the symptoms of rhinitis & sore throat?
↑bradykinin –> ↑vasc perm of nasal submucosa
↑local PMNs
Does the common cold present with fever?
NO
Which disease presents in kids with a “barking cough”? Name the virus most likely to cause it.
Croup = acute laryngo-tracheo-bronchitis
Parainflu
What age group do you expect croup in?
0-6 yo
Parainflu:
DNA or RNA?
Include specifics
- ss RNA
How does influ cause the croup cough? What unique sign are you looking for?
Inflammation –> narrow trachea
Steeple sign on XR
Test for parainflu
Nash wash:
- Viral culture
- Immunofluoro
- PCR
Treat croup
Supportive
What disease presents with infant wheezing –> ↓oxygenation? Viral causes.
Bronchiolitis
1. RSV
2. Metapneumo
Rhino, influ, parainflu, corona
RSV
DNA or RNA
Be specific
- ss RNA
What outer proteins are unique to RSV? How does RSV change host cell morphology?
F protein = fusion
Syncitia formation = fusion of multiple cells
Leads to inflam + necrosis -> small airway obstruction -> bronchiolitis
When does bronchiolitis peak?
WINTER
Diagnose bronchiolitis
CXR - steeple sign
Pulse ox - ↓↓
Who and what do you use for bronchiolitis prophylaxis?
Premies = ↑risk Palivizuman = monoclonal Ab
Which viral resp infection should you be particularly concerned about in ELDERLY?
Flu!!!
B/c U shaped mortality/morbidity curve
↑ hospitalization and death in the elderly
Flu: DNA or RNA - be specific
Types?
- ss RNA
*segmented genome
Types A-C
A & B cause illness and outbreak
What are the 2 targets of the flu vaccine?
HA
NA
What in unique about flu release in host cells?
ACIDIC
Via M2 creating proton pumps to acidify the endosome
Is flu epidemic caused by genetic drift or shift?
DRIFT = random mutations from RNA pol
Why we update the flu vaccine every year
Is flu pandemic due to genetic drift or shift?
SHIFT = reassortment that creates brand new virus
The vaccine won’t help you year
Ex: H1N1 - hit young people b/c vaccine didn’t cover + older people probably had some existing immunity from prior year strain
What 2 bugs would cause a retro-orbital headache?
Flu
Dengue Fever
2 tests for flu - include pros and cons of each
Rapid antigen test
- Pro = fast
- Con = can’t get subtypes
PCR
What 3 drugs can you use to block the the spread of flu (aka not the vaccine)?
NA inhibitors: - “mivir”
Oseltamivir
Zanamivir
Peramivir
What mutation makes flu resistant to NA inhibitors?
H275Y = mutation in the NA gene