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Systemic Pathology (Spring 2015) > L8: Path of the Nervous System 2 (Farina) > Flashcards

L8: Path of the Nervous System 2 (Farina) Flashcards

1
Q

BBB endothelial cells connected by:

A

tight junctions and adherens junction proteins

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2
Q

properties of BBB endothelial cells

A
  • have fewer endocytic vesicles (less transcellular flux)

- rich in efflux transport proteins to transport harmful material back into the blood

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3
Q

neurotropism

A

ability of organisms to breach the BBB and Blood-CSF Barrier

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4
Q

inflammatory conditions

A 
meningitis
encephalitis
myelitis
meningoencephalitis (
meningomyelitis
meningoencephalomyelitis
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5
Q

chars. of bacterial infections

A
  • most commonly 2ary to septicemia** in young animals
  • septic emboli w/endocarditis
  • abscesses from hematogenous spread or direct invasion (usually through cribiform plate or from middle ear**)
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6
Q

Listeriosis

A

“circling disease”

  • usually in ruminants
  • outbreak usually assoc. with heavy feeding of silage**
  • CS: head tilt, circling, confusion, depression, head pressing, unilateral facial n. paralysis, masticatory m. paralysis, purulent endophthalmitis
  • usually septicemic in young animals, neurologic in adults
  • lesions most common in brainstem**
  • bacteria spread up motor and sensory br. of trigeminal n.
  • usually no gross lesions; microabscess on histo
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7
Q

Infectious Thrombotic Meningoencephalitis (ITME)

A
  • caused by Histophilus somni** (which is normally found in upper GI/resp/urogenital tracts in healthy animals!)
  • affects cattle and sheep
  • septicemia –> cerebral vasculitis w/ hemorrhage, necrosis, thrombosis, neutrophilic meningoencephalitis
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8
Q

Characteristic appearance of viral infections**

A

-non-supparative meningoencephalitis (+/- myelitis)
-perivascular cuffing
-gliosis
+/- viral inclusions
+/- neuronal degeneration/necrosis

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9
Q

Rabies

A
  • skunks, fox, raccoons, bats principal reservoir in US
  • exhibits tropism for the CNS and salivary gland
  • replicates in m. cells near inoculation site, spreads to paravertebral site, travels along peripheral nerves to CNS
  • lesions: nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis, gangioneuritis, parotid adenitis; variable inflamm. and neuronal degeneration
  • Negri bodies (cytoplasmic inclusion) usually found in hippocampus of carnivores and Purkinje cells of herbivores
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10
Q

Pseudorabies

A
  • caused by herpesvirus-1
  • affects all common domestic species**
  • spread b/w pigs: contact of virus-infected secretions from skin/nasal mucosa
  • spread to carnivores from eating infected pig meat
  • spreads from site of inoculation –> nerve –> spinal cord –> CNS –> peripheral nerves
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11
Q

CS of pseudorabies in species other than pigs

A

“mad itch”
high mortality rate
fever
neuro signs

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12
Q

CS of pseudorabies in pigs

A

mild fever, NO pruritus
Young pigs: convulsion, m. tremor, prostration
Sows: abortion, stillbirth, mummies

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13
Q

EEE, WEE, VEE, SLE are all what type of virus

A

arbovirus

-horses most commonly infected

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14
Q

trans. of arboviruses**

A

mosquito

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15
Q

arbovirus lesions

A 
lymphohistiocytic/neutrophilic polioencephalomyelitis
gliosis
neuronal degradation/necrosis
vasculitis
meningitis
thrombosis
WNV: NONsupparitive, EEE supparitive
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16
Q

Lentiviruses - Caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) virus

A
  • neuro signs in 2-4mo. kids**
  • CS: hind limb ataxia, paresis/paralysis, death
  • lesions: non-suppurative leukoencephalomyelitis, demyelination
  • adults can get arthritis, mastitis, pneumonia
17
Q

Lentiviruses - Visna-maedi virus

A
  • sheep >2yo**
  • CS: hindlimb ataxia, lip trembling, hindlimb paralysis. Death 2ary to infection or starvation
  • lesions: nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis of white matter, demyelination
  • can cause pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis
18
Q

Canine Distemper Virus

A
  • morbillivirus
  • affects canids, procyonids, mustelids, some large cats
  • perivascular cuffing, +/- hyperkeratosis of foot pads
  • intranuclear/intracytoplasmic inclusions
19
Q

Equine Herpesviral Myeloencephalopathy

A
  • EHV-1 or 4
  • spread by inhalation of nasal aerosols, contact w/ infected fetus/placenta, direct contact
  • replicates in endothelial cells, causes thrombo-occlusive, necrotizing vasculitis
  • gross lesions: none, or foci of hemorrhage in brain
  • non-suppurative necrotizing vasculitis/thrombosis
20
Q

fungal infections usually 2ary in immunocompromised patients

A

:)

21
Q

only fungus with a real predilection for the CNS**

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

  • usually starts as nasal or sinus infection
  • dogs, cats, horses
  • grossly: grey, gelatinous foci in brain and meninges
  • histo: non-staining mucopolysaccharide capsule** w/ “soap bubble” appearance; +/- inflammation
22
Q

Equine Protozoal encephalomyelitis

A
  • Sarcocystis neurona**
  • sporocysts ingested, multiply in viscera, transported to CNS
  • usually no gross lesions
  • histo: hemorrhage, necrosis, perivascular cuffs of lymphos/macs/neuts/eos/astrocytosis
23
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A
  • affects variety of mammals including monkeys
  • often seen with immunosuppressed**
  • gross: hemorrhage, necrosis
  • histo: hemorrhage, necrosis, cuffing, tachyzoits and cysts containing bradyzoites
24
Q

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs)

A
  • caused by prions, abnormal isoforms of prion protein**
  • abnormal isoforms of prion protein act as template for refolding prion protein
  • horizontal trans.** via consumption of infected feed
  • Examples: BSE, Scrapie, CWD, FSE, Transmissible mink encephalopathy
  • lesions: intracytoplasmic neuronal vacuolization, astrocytosis
25
Q

Meningioma

A
  • cats, dogs, horses, cattle, sheep
  • tumor on meningeal surface of CNS
  • well-demarcated, encapsulated, expansile
26
Q

Astrocytoma

A
  • dogs (esp. brachiocephalics**), cats, cattle
  • POORLY demarcated, firm
  • in white and grey matter
  • most commonly affects pyriform and temporal lobes
27
Q

Oligodendroglioma

A
  • dogs (esp. brachiocephalics*), cats, cattle

- soft/gelatinous mass in white or grey matter of cerebrum and brainstem

Systemic Pathology (Spring 2015) (10 decks)

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