L1: Digestive System Path: Oral Cavity/Esophagus (Castleman) Flashcards
cleft palate
developmental abnormalities due to delayed development and fusion of the lateral palatine arches
- genetic or toxic etiology (ie. plants, steroids)
- common complication = aspiration pneumonia
brachygnathia
abnormal shortness of mandible. May be caused by genetics, Ca def., chondrodysplasia.
-malocclusion, tooth growth/wear abnormalities common
Prognathia
protrusion of mandible.May be caused by genetics, Ca def., chondrodysplasia.
-malocclusion, tooth growth/wear abnormalities common
Developmental diseases of oral cavity
- cleft palate
- prognathism
- Brachygnathism
types of inflammatory lesions of oral cavity/esophagus
- vesicular
- erosive/ulcerative
- proliferative
- necrotizing
- pseudomembranous, granulomatous
causes of vesicular stomatitis/esophagitis
viral (usual) thermal, toxic (rare) Ex: FMD -causes dissociation of epithelial cells and accumulation of fluid -short lived vesicular lesions -progresses rapidly to erosions/ulcers
causes of erosive/ulcerative stomatitis
- viral (ie. BVD, feline herpesvirus)
- toxic (ie. phenybutazone)
- uremia (chronic renal disease)
- immune mediated disease
causes of PROLIFERATIVE stomatitis/esophagitis
parapox virus:
- calves: bovine papular stomatitis
- sheep, goat: contagious ecthyma
papular stomatitis occurs in what type of epithelium
stratified squamous non-keratinized
causes of NECROTIZING stomatitis
bacterial (ie. 2ary to trauma)
infarctive
oral necrobacillosis
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Wooden Tongue
-induces classec necrotizing lesion on tongue (can also affect pharynx, etc.)
cause of foot and mouth disease and species affected
picronavirus, (ruminants, pigs)
cause of vesicular stomatitis and species affected
rhabdovirus (ruminants, pigs, horses)
cause of vesicular exanthema and species affected
calicivirus (pigs)
cause of swine vesicular disease and species affected
enterovirus (pigs)
Q: Vesicular oral lesions can be induced by all of the following except:***
A) FMD virus B) Thermal injury C) vesicular stomatitis virus D) swine vesicular disease virus E) bovine papular stomatitis virus <--------
Q: Ulcerative oral lesions can be induced by:***
A) chronic uremia B) calicivirus C) BVD virus D) FMD virus E) All of the above <----------
neoplastic diseases of dog (and cats) in oral cavity
- periodontal fibromatous epulis (composed of clusters of basal cells within fibroblasts)
- acanthomatous ameloblastoma
- squamous cell carcinoma
- melanoma
- fibrosarcoma
histo features of periodontal fibromatous epulis
- mesenchymal spindle to stellate cells
- odontogenic epithelium
- variable matrix with chars. of bone, dentin, or cementum
behavior of periodontal fibromatous epulis
- expansile and non-invasive, excision usually curative
- onset mean 8.5 yrs
Chars. of acanthomatous ameloblastoma in dogs
- epithelial component invades into local tissue and is destructive to maxilla or mandible
- do NOT met, but are aggressive/invasive
- mean 8.8yo
- can occur anywhere on gingiva
- histo: interconnecting, invasive sheets of odontogenic epithelium
chars. of squamous cell carcinoma in DOGS
- mean 8yo
- location: tonsil, gingiva, lip, tongue, palate, pharynx
- nodular, firm, +/- ulceration grossly
- worst if tonsilar
behavior of untreated squamous cell carcinoma in DOGS
- metastasis to regional nodes early (98%) with frequent more distant mets (63%)
- locally invasive, lower percentage 5-10% metastasize
chars. of squamous cell carcinoma in CATS
- most common oral tumor in the cat
- median 12yo
- tongue and gingiva most common
- similar gross appearance as in dogs
behavior of untreated squamous cell carcinoma in CATS
- locally invasive and mass producing; destructive to bone
- 15% met to local LN
chars. of malignant melanoma in DOGS
- mean 11yo
- location: gingiva and lips
- melanin usually present (amelanotic ones most aggressive)
- can be proliferative or ulcerative
behavior of malignant melanoma if DOGS if untreated
70% met to regional LN and 67% to distant sites
chars. of fibrosarcoma in DOGS
- mean 7.2yo
- location: gingiva, palates, lip, tongue
- histo: mixture of collagen and spindle cells
behavior of fibrosarcoma in dogs if untreated
- local infiltration and tissue destruction
- 20% met to local LN and 10-20% to lungs
Q: Which of the following oral neoplasms in dogs has the greatest probability of met? A) tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma B) periodontal fibromatous epulis C) acanthomatous ameloblastoma D) squamous papilloma E) leiomyoma
A) tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma
Q: the most likely cause is trauma and infection by? A) Candida albicans B) Bovine papular stomatitis virus C) Fusobacterium necrophorum D) Foot and mouth disease virus E) Arcanobacterium pyogenes
C) Fusobacterium necrophorum
Q: Which of the following oral neoplasma in dogs has the least probability of metastasis? A) melanoma B) periodontal fibromatous epulis C) acanthomatous ameloblastoma D) fibrosarcoma E) leiomyomasarcoma
B) periodontal fibromatous epulis
types of path in the esophagus
- inflammatory dz (ie. reflux esophagitis)
- megaesophagus
- impaction/obstruction
- neoplasia
megaesophagus
dilation of the esophagus due to insufficient, absent, or uncoordinated peristalsis
megaesophagus assoc. in dogs with:
- persistent R 4th aortic arch
- idiopathic denervation or neuropathy
- polymyositis
- myasthenia gravis
- hypothyroidism
- Trypanosoma cruzi
3 types of esophageal neoplasms
- papilloma (most common in cattle; can be caused by squamous proliferations or BPV)
- leiomyoma/leiomyosarcoma
- squamous cell carcinoma
