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Systemic Pathology (Spring 2015) > L3: Path of Lymphoid System (Castleman) > Flashcards

L3: Path of Lymphoid System (Castleman) Flashcards

1
Q

1ary lymphoid tissue**

A

Thymus (produces T cells)
Bone marrow (primates, rodents)
Peyer’s Patches (ruminants, pigs, horses)
Bursa of Fabricious (birds)

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2
Q

2ary lymphoid tissue**

A

LN
Spleen
MALT (including GALT, BALT, tonsils)

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3
Q

medullary chords primarily made up of:

A

B cells

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4
Q

3 main causes of LN enlargement

A

1) lymphadenitis (infectious, immune, toxic etiology)
2) Neoplasia (primary, metastatic)
3) Lymphoid hyperplasia (Ag driven)

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5
Q

types of exudate involved in lymphadenitis

A

suppurative
hemorrhagic
necrotizing
granulomatous (often w/ fungal or mycobacterial dz)

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6
Q

2 types of lymphoid hyperplasia

A

paracortical

follicular

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7
Q

causes of lymphoid hyperplasia

A
  • Ag stimulation

- viral infection (ie. Malignant catarrhal fever, bovine leukemia, FIV

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8
Q

main cause of LN hypoplasia

A

Primary immunodeficiency (ie. Combined Immunodeficiency (CID) in Arab foals, X-linked CID in dogs)

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9
Q

what breeds susceptible to X-linked CID?

A

basset
Jack russel
Welsh corgi

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10
Q

CID pathogenesis

A

genetic defect in DNA-dependent protein kinase, defective DNA repair

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11
Q

Causes of LN Atrophy

A

1) viruses that replicate in lymphocytes and induce apoptosis/necrosis (distemper, parvo)
2) glucocorticoids (endogenous, exogenous)
3) chemotherapeutic drugs, radiation, malnutrition, cachexia (wasting)

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12
Q

Fx of spleen RED PULP

A
  • RBC storage
  • Ag removal
  • hematopoiesis/erythropoiesis
  • RBC destruction
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13
Q

Fx of spleen WHITE PULP

A
  • acquired immunity (B/T cell responses)
  • T cells in periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths*
  • B cells in follicles*
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14
Q

What can cause DEC. spleen size? (UNCOMMON)

A
  • immunodef.
  • senile atrophy
  • wasting/cachexia
  • lymphoid necrosis alone will NOT cause dec. size!!
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15
Q

What can cause INC. spleen size? (COMMON)

A
  • uniform splenomegaly

- splenic nodule/masses

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16
Q

uniform splenomegaly and bloody when cut indicates:

A
  • congestion

- torsion

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17
Q

uniform splenomegaly WITHOUT blood when cut indicates:

A
  • septicemia
  • granulomatous spenitis
  • anemia
  • lymphoma
  • extramedullary hematopoiesis
  • amyloidosis, storage disease
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18
Q

BLOODY Splenic nodules/masses differentials:***

A
  • hematoma
  • hemangioma/hemangiosarcoma
  • nodular hyperplasia w/ hyperemia
  • splenic infarct
  • incomplete splenic contraction
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19
Q

FIRM/NON-BLOODY Splenic nodules/masses differentials:***

A
  • nodular hyperplasia
  • granulomatous splenitis, splenic abscess
  • lymphoma
  • metastatic neoplasm
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20
Q

common sites of hemangiosarcoma in dogs

A
  • spleen
  • LIV
  • R atrium
  • LU
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21
Q

what is contained within nodular hyperplasia?

A

abundant lymphoid tissue w/ large amts. of lymphocytes and macs

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22
Q

siderotic plaques

A
  • Fe and Ca deposition in nodules on spleen
  • gray/tan color
  • usually in older dogs
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23
Q

Structure/Fx of thymus

A
  • 1ary lymphoid organ for T cell development and maturation

- has cortex and medulla

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24
Q

what lies in cortex of thymus?

A

primitive and maturing lymphocytes

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25
Q

what lies in medulla of thymus?

A
  • thymic epithelial cells and Hassal’s corpuscles
  • myoid cells
  • interdigitating/dendritic cells
  • lymphocytes
26
Q

diseases associated with a small thymus***

A
  • thymic hypoplasia (ie. CID)
  • maturation and aging (involution)
  • thymitis (ie. salmon poisoning in dogs)
  • thymic atrophy (lymphocyte apoptosis/necrosis) <–most common
27
Q

Causes of thymic atrophy**

A

1) viral diseases: FeLV, FIV, canine distemper, equine herpesvirus 1, feline panleukopenia, parvo
2) steroids
3) nutritional deficiency (starvation, zinc def., protein def.)
4) toxins (lead, mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls)

28
Q

diseases assoc. with large thymus***

A

1) thymic hemorrhage (young dogs)
2) lymphoma
3) thymoma

29
Q

what does thymoma look like histologically?

A

large # lymphocytes

30
Q

Q: all result in decreased thymus size EXCEPT:

a) parvo
b) lymphoma
c) steroids
d) canine distemper
e) A and D

A

b) lymphoma

31
Q

Q: uniformly enlarged dog spleen that bleeds on cut surface is most likely:

a) hemangiosarcoma
b) hemangioma
c) lymphoma
d) congestion
e) nodular hyperplasia

A

d) congestion

32
Q

Q: irregular dark red nodule in a spleen that bleeds on cut surface could be all EXCEPT:

a) hemangiosarcoma
b) hemangioma
c) granulomatous splenitis
d) hematoma
e) nodular hyperplasia

A

C) granulomatous splenitis (will be DIFFERENT correct answer on exam!!)

33
Q

lymphoproliferative disease

A

all neoplasms arising from lymphocytes

34
Q

lymphoma

A
  • malignant neoplasm of lymphocytes

- infiltrates and destroys lymphoid tissue and other tissues

35
Q

leukemia def.

A

neoplasm of lymphocytes or hematopoietic cells arising from the bone marrow

36
Q

2 patterns of lymphoma

A

diffuse or follicular

37
Q

anatomic classifications of lymphoma

A 
multicentric
thymic
alimentary
cutaneous
solitary
38
Q

cytologic classification of lymphoma

A

well differentiated to lymphoblastic

39
Q

most common form of lymphomas in dogs

A

B-cell lymphomas

-associated with gamma herpesvirus

40
Q

most to least common distribution types of lymphoma in DOGS**

A

1) multicentric (generalized, liver, spleen, kidneys, heart, bone marrow, CNS)
2) alimentary (intestine, mesenteric LN, less commonly LIV/SP)
3) thymic (thymus, cranial mediastinum. Assoc. with hypercalcemia)
4) cutaneous
5) solitary or specialized (brain, lung, lymphomatoid granulomatosis)

41
Q

hypercalcemia is assoc. with what distribution of lymphoma in dogs

A

thymic

42
Q

lymphoid infiltrate to liver can –>

A

icterus

43
Q

pale areas seen grossly on spleen can be

A

lymphoid infiltrates (sign of lymphoma)

44
Q

most common neoplasm in cats**

A

lymphoma!

45
Q

FeLV closely associated with what neoplasm in cats?

A

lymphoma. (>50% 5yrs old or less)

46
Q

most to least common distribution of lymphoma in CATS**

A

1) alimentary (jejunum, ileum, mesenteric LN, liver, kidneys)
2) thymic (thymus, cranial mediastinal LN)
3) multicentric (generalized LN, liver/spleen, CNS)
4) solitary (kidneys)

47
Q

which distributions of lymphoma in cats more associated with being FeLV positive?

A

Thymic

Multicentric

48
Q

which distribution of lymphoma in cats often assocc. with pleural effusion and compressive atelectasis?

A

thymic

49
Q

which distribution of lymphoma in cats assoc. with obstructive GI disease?

A

alimentary

50
Q

pyogranulomatous dz in cats can result in enlargement of kidneys

A

:)

51
Q

FIP –> pyogranulomatous vasculitis

A

:)

52
Q

most common forms of lymphoma in cattle caused by:

A

Bovine Leukemia virus (BLV)

-30% have persistent lymphocytosis

53
Q

most to least common distributions of lymphoma in CATTLE**

A

1) multicentric (LN, R atrium, abomasum, KID, uterus, spinal epidural fat, intestine, liver, spleen)
2) cutaneous
3) thymic (thymus, bone marrow)
4) calf form (general LN, bone marrow, blood, LIV, SP, +/-thymus, heart, kidneys, uterus)
5) alimentary form
6) solitary (spinal canal)

54
Q

thymic form of lymphoma occurs in what age cattle

A

adolescents (6-30mo)

55
Q

calf form of lymphoma occurs in what age cattle

A

<6mo

56
Q

most to least common distributions of lymphoma in HORSES**

A

1) multicentric

2) others: alimentary, thymic, cutaneous, solitary

57
Q

Most common anatomic form of lymphoma in cats is:***

A

alimentary

58
Q

most common anatomic form of lymphoma in dogs is:***

A

solitary

59
Q

R atrial lymphoma is most commonly found in:***

A

cattle

60
Q

viral agents have been assoc. with lymphoma in what species***

A

cattle, cat, dog

61
Q

review diagram slide 2

A

:)

Systemic Pathology (Spring 2015) (10 decks)

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