L2: Resp. Path Pt.2 (Castleman) Flashcards
pathogenesis of bacterial pneumonia: Mannheimia haemolytica
- colonize resp. tract
- exponential growth w/ leukotoxin prod.
- damage to neuts, macs, endotoxin release
- leukotoxin and endotoxin-mediated tissue damage accentuated by neut release of toxic molecules
pathogenesis of Bovine Toxic Interstitial Pneumonia
1) ingestion of pneumotoxin
2) ruminal conversion and/or intestinal absorption
3) activation of pneumotoxin by cytochrome P450
4) covalent binding or free-radical damage by metabolites and pulmonary cell death
4 pneumotoxins
L-tryptophane
Moldy sweet potatoes
Perilla mint
Stinkwood
pulmonary cells most susceptible to toxic injury
nonciliated bronchiolar cells
type 1 ep. cells
capillary endothelial cells
Q: Acute resp. viral infections often induce pulmonary lesions including:
a) bronchitis
b) bronchiolitis
c) patchy interstitial pneumonia
d) diffuse interstitial pneumonia
e) A,B,C
E
Q: Which contain toxins activated by P450 to induce interstitial pneumonia in cattle and/or horses?
a) moldy sweet potatoes
b) mold damaged corn
c) purple mint
d) A,B,C
e) A,C
E
Q: What mech. accounts for some resp. viruses being able to induce chronic pneumonia and diffuse interstitial pneumonia?
a) replicate in type 1
b) replicate in type 2
c) evade or suppress immunological defense mechs.
C
Q: which pulmonary injury most likely to induce most severe irreversible lung and pleural damage?
a) viral infect.
b) bacterial infect.
c) dietary pneumotoxins
B
viruses in dogs that cause viral pneumonia
- distemper
- flu
- adenovirus type 2
- parainfluenza type 2
- respiratory coronavirus
- herpesvirus 1
pathogenesis of canine distemper
- resp/oropharyngeal inoculation
- replicate in oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue and viremia
- replicate in lymphocytes, ep. cells, monocytes, macs, nervous tissue
- failure of immunity –> penetration of BBB –> severe encephalomyelitis
respiratory lesions assoc. with canine distemper
- rhinitis
- pharyngitis
- tracheitis
- bronchitis
- bronchiolitis
- interstitial or bronchointerstitial pneumonia
- intranuclear or intracytoplasmic inclusions in ep. cells and macs**
NON-resp. lesions assoc. with canine distemper
- GI
- lymphoid
- dermatitis, conjunctivitis
- cystitis
- enamel hypoplasia
- nervous tissue, eyes
resp. lesions assoc. with Canine Influenza
- erosive/hyperplastic tracheitis/bronchitis
- tracheal/bronchial gland epithelial cell necrosis/hyperplasia w/ lymphocytes/neuts
- severe pulm. hemorrhage (GREYHOUNDS ONLY!)
- suppurative bronchopneumonia
- mild lymphocyte rhinitis
emerging viral respiratory agents
canine pneumovirus
canine bocavirus
-both assoc. with resp. dz in dogs
5 types of mycotic pneumonias in dogs
1) blastomycosis
2) histoplasmosis
3) coccidioidomycosis
4) pneumocystosis
5) cryptococcosis
