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S2 Foundations Health and Lifespan Development > L8 - Child - Families > Flashcards

L8 - Child - Families Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 primary functions of families?

A

Survival of offspring: Make sure children survive until adulthood

Economic function: Provide children the means to aquire skills to become economically productive in adulthood

Cultural function: Teach children basic values of culture

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2
Q

Do families function in isolation?

A

No, families function in society which have reciprocal, systematic influences

See Bronfenbrenners child development model

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3
Q

What are the 3 main modifications that occur within the family that has a lot of predictive power for pro-social behaviour?

A

Deaths, births and marriages.

How these are managed predicts future social development in children.

  • If these are negotiated ‘well’ then family functioning is maximised.*
  • ‘well’ meaning family is still being generally cohesive during that period of time*
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4
Q

What are the 4 types of parenting styles?

A

Authoritative

Permissive/indulgent

Authoritarian

Rejecting-neglecting

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5
Q

Parenting styles is based off what two ‘elements’ regarding parents interactions with their children?

(x,y axis of the parenting styles graph)

A

Demandingness

Responsiveness

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6
Q

High responsiveness and high demandingness is what type of parenting style?

A

Authoritative parenting

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7
Q

High responsiveness and low demandingness is what type of parenting style?

A

Permissive parenting

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8
Q

Low responsiveness and high demandingness is what type of parenting style?

A

Authoritarian parenting

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9
Q

Low responsiveness and low demandingness is what type of parenting style?

A

Rejecting-neglecting parenting

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10
Q

Which is the best type of parenting style for optimal child development?

A

Authoritative parenting

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11
Q

Explain the Authoritarian parenting style

A

A restrictive punitive style.

Parents make their child follow their directions and to respect ‘work and effort’.

They place firm limits and controls on the child and allows little verbal exchange.

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12
Q

What behavioural outcomes do children of authoritarian parents typically show?

A

Often anxious about social comparison (high levels of anxiety)

Fail to initiate activity (low levels of initiative, haven’t had chance to practice)

Have poor communication skills

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13
Q

Explain the authoritative parenting style

A

Encourages children to be independent but still places limits and controls on their actions.

Extensive verbal give and take is allowed

Parents are warm and nurturing towards the child.

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14
Q

What are the typical social outcomes of children whos parents use the authoritative parenting style?

A

Socially competent

Self-reliant

Socially responsible

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15
Q

Explain the neglectful parenting style

A

The parent is uninvolved in the child’s life

No expectation from the child

Leaves the child feeling that other aspects of the parents lives are more important than they are

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16
Q

What are the typical social outcomes of children with neglectful parents?

A

Socially incompetent

Have poor self control

Do not handle independence well

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17
Q

Explain the indulgent (permissive) parenting style.

A

Parents are highly involved with their children but place few demends or controls on them.

Parents let their children do what they want to which leads children to expect to get their own way.

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18
Q

What are the typical social outcomes for children whos parents use the indulgent/permissive parenting style?

A

Rarely learn respect for others

Have difficulty controlling their behaviour.

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19
Q

What 3 family “types” did the longitudinal study of Australia’s children (LSAC) find?

A

Cohesive

Disengaged

Enmeshed

20
Q

Explain the cohesive family type described by the LSAC.

A

The largest group of families

Above-average levels of parental warmth and parent-child shared activities

Below-average levels of hostile parenting and parental relationship conflict

21
Q

Explain the disengaged family type described by the LSAC.

A

Smaller group of families

Below-average levels of parental warmth and parent-child shared activities

Above-average levels of hostile parenting and parental relationship conflict

22
Q

Explain the enmeshed family type described by the LSAC.

A

Relatively small group

Average levels of parental warmth

Higher than average levels of conflict in the relationship between parents

23
Q

Which LSAC parenting type had the most rigid boundaries?

A

Disengaged

24
Q

Which LSAC parenting type has the most diffuse boundaries

A

Enmeshed

25
Q

What did the longitudinal study of Australia’s children (LSAC) find about the relationship between family ‘types’ and development?

A

Strong relationship with social and emotional wellbeing

Families indicating disengagement had significantly lower levels of prosocial behaviour, higher levels of problem behaviour.

Families indicating enmeshment had significantly lower levels of prosocial behaviour, higher levels of problem behaviour

26
Q

What did the LSAC find regarding relationships between family types and physical health?

A

Very few significant relationships between family types and physical health

LSAC family types are focused on social and emotional wellbeing

27
Q

What did the LSAC find regarding relationships between family types and cognitive development?

A

Few significant relationships

Family type related to social and emotional wellbeing, not so much cognitive and physical health.

28
Q

In the LSAC, when family type changes across data collection points, change to cohesive family types led to more 1)_____ ________ _____ _______ outcomes. Changes away led to less 2)______ ______ ___ ______ outcomes.

A

1) positive social and emotional
2) positive social and emotional

29
Q

The results of the LSAC conclude that….

A

Family type can be seen as particularly important for social and emotional development

30
Q

What are 5 other parenting variables other than family types and parenting styles that might influence childhood social and emotional development?

A

Experience of own parenting and family life (your parents style might influence how you parent)

‘Transmission’ of psychological distress and happen intergenerationally

Effects on attachment can impact into adulthood (attachment issues)

Health and Mental Health Issues

Drug and addiction issues

31
Q

How might culture influence the way parenting practices are interpreted?

A

Beliefs around control and obedience are culturally defined

Individual vs. collectivist cultures will lead to different expectations

32
Q

Can you make assumptions about other cultures parenting styles baed upon results from our culture?

A

Problematic as there are different constructs, measures are tricky.

33
Q

What are the 4 types of maltreatment that children can endure?

A

Emotional Abuse

Neglect

Physical Abuse

Sexual Abuse

34
Q

What is the emotional abuse type of maltreatment?

A

Any act by a person having care of the child that results in the child suffering any kind of significant emotional deprivation or trauma.

Includes children affected by exposure to family violence.

35
Q

What is the neglect type of maltreatment?

A

Any serious act or omission by a person having the care of a child that, within the bounds of cultural tradition, constitutes a failure to provide conditions that are essential for the healthy physical and emotional development of the child.

36
Q

What is the physical abuse of maltreatment?

A

Any non-accidental physical act inflicted upon a child by a person having the care of the child.

37
Q

What is the sexual abuse type of maltreatment?

A

Any act by a person having the care of a child that exposes the child to or involves the child in sexual processes beyond his or her understanding or contrary to accepted community standards.

38
Q

What type of maltreatment is most prevalent in Australia?

A

Emotional Maltreatment

39
Q

What are the 6 parental characteristics that can lead to them subjecting their child to maltreatment?

A
40
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of a child that may lead to them to being maltreated by their parents?

A
41
Q

List some of the factors that maltreatment can have on a childs social development

A
42
Q

What impact can maritcal conflict have on a childs social development? (3 things)

A

Emotional Unavailability: Parents might become emotional unavailable - conflict means parents caught up in their relationship, less available for child

Witnessing conflict or violence: Accidental teaching/modelling (aggression or psychological distress)

Disruption to attachment relationships

43
Q

When might divorce impact a childs emotional development?

A

If the parents become emotionally unavaiable to the child, rather than the divorce itself.

44
Q

Siblings are the longest single relationship in a persons life.

What social learning can occur through safe relationships with siblings?

A

Co-operation

Conflict Resolution

Reciprocity

45
Q

What are the 6 critical roles family play in childhood social development?

A

Dynamics

Parentic Style

Culture

Maltreatment

Marital Conflict

Sibling Relationships

S2 Foundations Health and Lifespan Development (21 decks)

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