L8;C19 Flashcards
What does testosterone lead to in males?
- increase in bone formation (larger bones)
- increase in protein synthesis (larger muscles)
- increase in EPO secretion, (more blood cells)
Wha does estrogen lead to in females?
- increase in fat deposition
- faster more brief bone growth
- shorter stature, low total body mass
- increase fat mass, percent body fat
What are some muscle strength differences in upper and lower body in females?
Upper—> woman are 40-60% weaker
Lower—> woman are 25-30% weaker
What does a higher cross sectional area mean with regards to strength?
More strength
Men have roughly 10% higher _____ _ fibre distribution than woman
Type 1
Woman have greater muscle _______ in lower body
Proportion
Woman have smaller ______ _______ in muscles
Woman are also more ________ resistant
Cross-sectional areas
Fatigue
Males have a higher VO2 _____ than females
Max
How do woman compensate for a loss of hemoglobin?
They increase their A-V O2 difference at sub maximal intensity
Females also compensate by extracting more oxygen within the blood while it travels to muscles. HENCE the less fatigue skill.
How do you reduce the differences in VO2 maxes?
You scale the VO2 max to reduce differences and wipe out any sex differences between the two.
True or false: fat directly contributes to muscular contractions.
False
With regards to lactate, who has a lower and higher level?
Peak lactate is reached lower in woman and higher in men
What are some characteristics of men and women physiologically during exercise?
- decrease in total body mass, and fat mass
- increase in FFM and more with strength vs endurance training
Weight bearing exercises maintain bone mineral density and connective tissue injury is not related to the sex
With regards to strength and hypertrophy, who has higher?
-there is less hypertrophy in woman vs men
What are findings regarding cardiovascular changes and sex?
Cardiovascular changes are not sex specific, stroke volume increases with training and not the heart rate
