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KPE264 > L15;C6-7 > Flashcards

L15;C6-7 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three type of receptors? What are their functions?

A

Baroreceptors—> stretch receptors in the aortic arch and carotid artery that are sensitive to change in blood pressure.

Chemoreceptors—> chemical receptors that relay information about chemical environment

Mechanoreceptors—> receptors that sense changes in muscle length and tension

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2
Q

Return of blood to the heart happens with three factors:

A

Valves in the veins
Respiratory pump
Muscle pump

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3
Q

In resistance exercises, what happens to vessels? (3 things)

A
  1. Straining compresses vessels
  2. peripheral resistance increases
  3. Blood pressure increases in an attempt to perfuse tissue
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4
Q

Why does straining increase pressure?

A

This is due to stability of core muscles, this tends to compress vessels leading to a reduction in blood flow from the brain

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5
Q

What are the two responses to upper body exercises in blood pressure?

A
  1. Resistance to flow is increased with upper body workouts

2. smaller vessels in upper body compress more easily

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6
Q

Blood has 3 main functions

A
  1. Temperature regulation
  2. Balance of pH
  3. Transportation of nutrients
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7
Q

In men, blood volume is _____L

In women, blood volume is _____L

A

5-6

4-5

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8
Q

Blood is __% plasma and __% formed elements

A

55, 45

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9
Q

What is serum?

A

Blood plasma without the clotting factor

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10
Q

What are RBC? Can they reproduce? Do they have a nucleus?

A

These have no nucleus and have to be replaced since they dont reproduce. They reproduce by hematopoisis

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11
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A

This is the transporting molecule that binds O2 to it to go to muscle. It has a carrying capacity of 20ml/100ml

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12
Q

Describe the viscosity of blood and compare it to water as well as mention hematocrit.

A

Viscosity of blood is 2x greater than water, as velocity increases so does hematocrit, which is the ratio of volume of RBCs to total volume of blood

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13
Q

Plasma volume must _____ and RBCs ____

A

Increase, increase

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14
Q

The cardiac output of males at rest is

The cardiac output of females at rest is

A

5L/min

4L/min

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15
Q

What are some untrained characteristics of Cardiac output?

A

HR- 70bpm
SV-71.4ml

Average women is 25% lower due to smaller size

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16
Q

What are some trained characteristics of Cardiac output?

A

HR-50bpm
SV-100ml

This works due to increase vagal tone and increases blodo volume and myocardial contraction

17
Q

What happens to CO during exercise?

A
  • cardiac output increases from rest to excercise
  • at max, it is 4x larger than rest
  • estimated max Q is 16l/min
18
Q

What sis the association between max Q and VO2Max?

A
  • Max Q and VO2Max are linearly related

- as Q increases so does VO2 uptake

19
Q

CO between men and woman, and children describe them.

A

Women have 10% lower hemoglobin, this casues an increase in Q to compensate
Children have higher HR, results in smaller Q explained through a-VO2 difference

20
Q

How is the respiratory carried out? (4 functions)

A
  1. Pulmonary ventilation
  2. Pulmonary diffusion
  3. Transport of gases via blood
  4. Capillary diffusion
21
Q

How large are the lungs? What two zones do they have? What are the differences?

A

Lungs are 50-100m^2 SA. They have a conduction and respiratory zone. These are highly vascularized in order to allow for gas exchange

22
Q

What is Boyle’s law?

A

If temperature is constant, Pressure 1 and Volume 1= Pressure 2 and Volume 2. If pressure decreases volume increases

23
Q

What are the three muscles for inspiration?

A
  1. diapragm
  2. external intercostal
  3. Accessory muscles (sclaene, nose muscles, etc)
24
Q

What are muscles of expiration? What is the most important?

A

Most important is abdominal muscles and internal intercostal muscles

25
Q

What promotes Venus return to the heart with respect to respiratory pump?

A

Change in the intra abdominal and intra thoracic pressure promotes Venus return to heart. This facilities an increase in EDV that impacts SV

26
Q

As pressure increases—> Venus ____ and ______

As pressure decreases—> Venus _____ and _____

A

Compression, squeezing

Fills, dilates

27
Q

Explain the following from a pulmonary volume graph:

TLC
VC
TV
FRC
RV
A

TLC= Total lunch capacity which is Vital Capacity and Residual Volume combined. It is the total amount of air in the lungs
VC= Vital Capacity, greatest amount of air that can be expired after max inspiration
TV= Tidal Volume, the amount of air entering the lungs during normal cycles of breathing
FRC=Functional reserve capacity, is the capacity of air staying in the lungs after each Normal breath
RV= residual volume, is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after max expire

28
Q

At rest, how much air does the lungs receive?

A

4-6L

KPE264 (17 decks)

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