L15;C6-7 Flashcards
What are the three type of receptors? What are their functions?
Baroreceptors—> stretch receptors in the aortic arch and carotid artery that are sensitive to change in blood pressure.
Chemoreceptors—> chemical receptors that relay information about chemical environment
Mechanoreceptors—> receptors that sense changes in muscle length and tension
Return of blood to the heart happens with three factors:
Valves in the veins
Respiratory pump
Muscle pump
In resistance exercises, what happens to vessels? (3 things)
- Straining compresses vessels
- peripheral resistance increases
- Blood pressure increases in an attempt to perfuse tissue
Why does straining increase pressure?
This is due to stability of core muscles, this tends to compress vessels leading to a reduction in blood flow from the brain
What are the two responses to upper body exercises in blood pressure?
- Resistance to flow is increased with upper body workouts
2. smaller vessels in upper body compress more easily
Blood has 3 main functions
- Temperature regulation
- Balance of pH
- Transportation of nutrients
In men, blood volume is _____L
In women, blood volume is _____L
5-6
4-5
Blood is __% plasma and __% formed elements
55, 45
What is serum?
Blood plasma without the clotting factor
What are RBC? Can they reproduce? Do they have a nucleus?
These have no nucleus and have to be replaced since they dont reproduce. They reproduce by hematopoisis
What is hemoglobin?
This is the transporting molecule that binds O2 to it to go to muscle. It has a carrying capacity of 20ml/100ml
Describe the viscosity of blood and compare it to water as well as mention hematocrit.
Viscosity of blood is 2x greater than water, as velocity increases so does hematocrit, which is the ratio of volume of RBCs to total volume of blood
Plasma volume must _____ and RBCs ____
Increase, increase
The cardiac output of males at rest is
The cardiac output of females at rest is
5L/min
4L/min
What are some untrained characteristics of Cardiac output?
HR- 70bpm
SV-71.4ml
Average women is 25% lower due to smaller size
What are some trained characteristics of Cardiac output?
HR-50bpm
SV-100ml
This works due to increase vagal tone and increases blodo volume and myocardial contraction
What happens to CO during exercise?
- cardiac output increases from rest to excercise
- at max, it is 4x larger than rest
- estimated max Q is 16l/min
What sis the association between max Q and VO2Max?
- Max Q and VO2Max are linearly related
- as Q increases so does VO2 uptake
CO between men and woman, and children describe them.
Women have 10% lower hemoglobin, this casues an increase in Q to compensate
Children have higher HR, results in smaller Q explained through a-VO2 difference
How is the respiratory carried out? (4 functions)
- Pulmonary ventilation
- Pulmonary diffusion
- Transport of gases via blood
- Capillary diffusion
How large are the lungs? What two zones do they have? What are the differences?
Lungs are 50-100m^2 SA. They have a conduction and respiratory zone. These are highly vascularized in order to allow for gas exchange
What is Boyle’s law?
If temperature is constant, Pressure 1 and Volume 1= Pressure 2 and Volume 2. If pressure decreases volume increases
What are the three muscles for inspiration?
- diapragm
- external intercostal
- Accessory muscles (sclaene, nose muscles, etc)
What are muscles of expiration? What is the most important?
Most important is abdominal muscles and internal intercostal muscles
What promotes Venus return to the heart with respect to respiratory pump?
Change in the intra abdominal and intra thoracic pressure promotes Venus return to heart. This facilities an increase in EDV that impacts SV
As pressure increases—> Venus ____ and ______
As pressure decreases—> Venus _____ and _____
Compression, squeezing
Fills, dilates
Explain the following from a pulmonary volume graph:
TLC VC TV FRC RV
TLC= Total lunch capacity which is Vital Capacity and Residual Volume combined. It is the total amount of air in the lungs
VC= Vital Capacity, greatest amount of air that can be expired after max inspiration
TV= Tidal Volume, the amount of air entering the lungs during normal cycles of breathing
FRC=Functional reserve capacity, is the capacity of air staying in the lungs after each Normal breath
RV= residual volume, is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after max expire
At rest, how much air does the lungs receive?
4-6L
