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KPE264 > L21-22;C16 > Flashcards

L21-22;C16 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the placebo effect?

A

The phenomenon which the bodies expectations are changing the response. This changes performance and inactive substances will act like a real substance

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2
Q

What is bicarbonate? What does it do?

A

This is a buffer that increases extraceullar pH which increases transport of lactate

  • ingesting 300mg/kg benefits anaerobic activities of 1-7 minutes
  • this delays onset of fatigue in muscles and removes H+ ions from muscle fibres
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3
Q

What are the risk of bicarbonate?

A

GI-tract discomfort

Sodium citrate allows similar results without risk

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4
Q

What is Beta-Alanine? What does it do and what are the risks?

A

This increases intracellular buffering and increases muscle cell caronisne levels

The risk is parenthesia (tingling in extremities)

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5
Q

What is caffeine? What does it act on? What are the benefits and effects?

A

Caffeine is a CNS stimulant that acts on adenosine receptors in the brain. This has similar effects to amphetamines.

The benefits are:

  • improved alertness and reaction time
  • improved concentration
  • improved energy level

The effects are:

  • decrease fatigue and enhances use of muscle triglycerides
  • enhances catecholamine release
  • increases FFA mobilization
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6
Q

What are cherry juice polyphenoyls?

A

These help reduce pain by utilizing anti inflammatory and anti oxidant properties.

The effects are that muscle pain perception is reduced

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7
Q

What are the benefits of creatine?

A
  • enhanced peak power production

- improved recovery from high intensity exercise

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8
Q

What are the effects of creatine?

A
  • increased muscle PCr
  • enhanced performance in high power exercise
  • strength gain in resistance training
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9
Q

What is the protocol for taking creatine?

A

Fast:20-30g per day for 5-7 days
Slow: 3G per day for 30 days
Maintenance phase: 2-g/day

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10
Q

What are some effects that creatine has on the ATP-PCr system and what do they do?

A
  • max force in isometric contractions

- strength and endurance at isokinetic testing and muscular force

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11
Q

What are the effects of creatine on body mass?

A
  • increase in BM mainly as muscle tissue
  • increase in myosin
  • increase in body water
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12
Q

What is the safety point for creatine? (How much)

A

5G a day

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13
Q

What is the benefits, effects, and risk of nitrate?

A

Benfits: increases delivery of O2 to muscle

Effects: less fatigue and reduces O2 consumption, as well as reduces systolic blood pressure

Risks: only risk in medicated individuals

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14
Q

What are the three codes for the anti doping ban on supplements?

A
  1. Potential to enhance sport performance
  2. Potential to harm athlete
  3. Violates spirit of sport
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15
Q

What are stimulants?

A

These act to stimulate the sympathetic system and make it seem like the user can resist fatigue. They are found in a lot of weight loss supplements

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16
Q

What are the potential benefits for stimulants?

A
  • weight loss with fine motor control and focus
  • improved reaction time and power+endurance output with speed
  • higher maximum heart rate and peak lactate concentration at exhaustion
17
Q

What are some risk of stimulants?

A
  • high BP and HR lead to death, which can trigger arrhythmia
  • delayed sensation of fatigue leads to dangerous lifting, these can be addicting
  • causes anxiety, nervousness, aggression
18
Q

What are the benefits to anabolic steroids?

A
  • increases FFM and strength
  • reduced fat mass
  • facilities recovery after exercise
19
Q

What are the effects of anabolic steroids?

A
  • increase FFM and total N and K content which are FFM indicators
  • increases the size of the muscles, strength, and fibre damage of exhaustion
20
Q

What is the dose response effect with steroids on FFM?

A

Steroids act on receptors that increase protein synthesis, when anabolic were ingested there wasnt a significant change in FFA until a threshold of the dose was met. Once you get the significant amount your FFM increases.

21
Q

What are the risk of anabolic in the following:

Children
Men
Woman

A

Children—>Smaller stature
Men—> excess estrogen, breast enlargement, testicular atrophy, reduction in sperm
Females—> disruption of menstrual cycle, development of masculine sex characteristics

22
Q

What are some benefits of HGH?

A
  • stimulation of bone growth, protein, and nucleic synthesis
  • stimulation of IGF-1 synthesis, which increases metabolic work and lean tissue
  • increases FFA mobilization, blood glucose level, and healing after injury but decreases FFM
23
Q

What are some effects of HGH?

A
  • FFM and bone density increase in older men with a decrease in FM
  • Acromegaly, thickness of skin and bigger face and feet
  • enlarges internal organs

Can cause diabetes, hypertension, and cardiomyopathy

24
Q

What are diuretics?

A

These mask other effects of stimulants, they have temporary weight reduction and dilution of banned substances in urine samples.

25
Q

What are some effects of diuretics?

A

Dehydration and temporary weight loss

Dehydration leads to not being capable of thermoregulation leading to heat stroke

26
Q

What are two risks associated with Diuretics?

A
  1. Impaired thermoregulation

2. Electrolyte imbalance leads to fatigue

27
Q

What are beta blockers? What do they do?

A

Beta blockers decrease resting and submaximal heart rate. They are a suppressant. These also increase hand stability and stage performance

28
Q

What’s are some risks of beta blockers?

A
  • brsochospsasm in asthmatics and hypoglycaemia
  • cardiac failure and low blood pressure
  • fatigue and impaired performance
29
Q

What is blood doping?

A

This increases RBC count. By increasing RBC binding to hemoglobin, this will increase O2 delivery and enhance performance

30
Q

What are the benefits of blood doping?

A
  • enhanced O2 carrying capacity which improves short and long endurance activities
  • increases VO2 max
31
Q

What is the main risk of blood doping?

A

Blood becomes too viscous leading to excessive clotting. Blood matching and complications lead to bone diseases

32
Q

How long does VO2 stay elevated in long endurance athletes?

A

16 weeks

33
Q

What is critical when blood doping? (3 things)

A
  1. Wait 5-6 weeks to see effect
  2. Must reinfuse 900+ml of blood and KEEP BLOOD FROZEN
  3. Must wait 5-6 weeks before injecting

KPE264 (17 decks)

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