L8:2 Flashcards
Following activation of CD4+ T Lymphocyte,
___ cytokine is made first
IL-2
True or False: As antigen-stimulated T cells receive differing signals from the APC, they
differentiate into subsets of CD4+ T cells that are defined solely by cytokine production
profiles
True
Th0 are probably a precursor to the ___, ___, and ___ phenotypes
and produce cytokines such as __, ___, and ___
Th1, Th2, and Th17
IL-2, IL-4, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)
What two cytokines are made by T-helper-1 (Th1) cells?
IL-2 and IFN-γ
Antigen stimulation of naive CD4+ T
cells in the presence of specific cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-12) drive T cells toward the ___
subset.
Th1
What is the initial source of IL-12 and IFN-γ in Th1 cells?
Initial source of IL-12 = APC
Initial source of IFN-γ = NKC /
γδ TCR+ T cells.
T-helper-2 (Th2) lymphocytes produce ___ and ___
IL-4 and IL-5
When naive CD4+ T cells are
stimulated with antigen in the presence of IL-4, what do they develop into?
Th2 cell
What is the initial source of
IL-4, early in driving the CD4+ Th0 cell to a Th2 phenotype?
mast cell
What two cytokines influence an isotype switch in B cells to IgG1, IgG2, IgG4, IgA and IgE?
IL-4 and IL-5
Which cell type influence
antibody-mediated or “humoral” immune responses (type 2 immune responses)?
Which cell type influences CTI Responses (Type 1 immune response?
Type II = Th2
Type I = Th1 cells
Which cell type activates B cells and allows for their differentiation (plasma/memory)?
Tfh cells (follicular)
Which cell is associated with CD25 and Fox P3+?
T Reg cells
Which cell type allows for conversion
of B cells to IgG3?
Th1
True or False: To make Tfh (follicular) cells,
they must develop in presence of IL-6, IL-21
True
Which cell type recruits eosinophils/basophils?
Th2 cells
Which cells regulate auto-immune response
and suppress other effector T cells?
T reg cells
Which cells up-regulate NK cells/Th1 and activate CTL and macrophages?
Th1 cells
True or False: Follicular cells express CD4+ and PD-1
True
True or False: Th1 cells resolve diptheria, menigities, pneumonia and diptheria
False - Th2 cells does
What cell type drives asthma/allergies?
Th2
Which cell type drives RA, MS, Psoriasis?
Th17
True or False: Natural T-Regs are specific for self antigens and develop WITHIN the thymus in presence of TGF-β, while Induced develop OUTSIDE of the thymus
True
True or False:
The type of antigen, molecular structure, HLA Type, and route of exposure will all determine which T cell phenotype will predominate
True
CD8 binds to ____ domain of HLA Class I molecule
alpha-3
__ is required for CD8+ proliferation and differentiation into CTL effectors
IL-2
True or False: CD8+ depends on Th1 activation for proliferation and differentiation into CTL effectors
True
In granular-mediated killing, CTL mobilizes cytoplasmic granules toward the target via: _____
actin filaments
What molecules are located within the cytoplasmic granules present in granular mediated killing?
1) Perforin
2) TNF alpha/beta
3) Granzyme
4) Granulysin
In granular mediated killing, how are granular contents released onto target cell membrane?
Exocytosis
True or False: Pores made by perforin allow granzymes/granulysin to be internalized
True
___ binding to target cell, polymerizing in presence of calcium, and forming transmembrane channels increases the cell permeability and cell death
Perforin
True or False: cell death, apoptosis, and increase cell permeability are consequences of granular mediated killing
True
In what type of killing does the FasL on the CTL bind to the FAS on target cell?
Fas-FasL Ligand Killing
True or False: Fas-FasL Ligand Killing is associated with activation of intracellular caspases in the target cell - which induces apoptosis
True
True or False: Natural Killer Cells (CD56+/CD16+) are both T and B cells and require prior sensitization, immunization, or antigen presentation to kill their targets
False - NKC’s are neither T or B cells and they do NOT require prior sensitization, immunization, or antigen presentation to kill their targets
Another name for NKC? (hint: CD)
CD56+/CD16+
True or False: Natural Killer Cells (CD56+/CD16+) are part of the adaptive immune response
False - innate immune response
Which cell types have a KIR and recognize LACK of MHC expression?
NK Cells CD56/CD16
True or False: Killing by CD56/CD16 cells involves perforins and granzymes
True
How can NK Cells be upregulated?
IL-2 and IFN-gamma
Macrophages have cell killing mechanisms when stimulated by ___
IFN-gamma
Mechanisms (3) of macrophage killing?
-Release lysosomal contents
-Release of TNF-a (apoptosis)
-Produces N2 and O2 radicals
Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is employed by cells that posses __receptor for IgG
Fc
Killer (K) Cell in ADCC have a CD16 marker, which means it has a receptor for __ region of __
Fc; IgG
True or False: CD16 is a FcgRIII (meaning it binds to heavy chain of of IgG3 subclass)
True
