L8

Question 1

Sciencia was Latin for what?

Answer 1

Knowledge

Question 2

This person said that he is an artist and whatever he does is art.

Answer 2

Marcel Duchamp

Question 3

This is an approach of historiography that scientists make discoveries without being influenced by social (external) factors. i.e. Inborn genius

Answer 3

Internal Approach

Question 4

This is an approach of historiography that social factors shape development of science/technology. i.e. No inborn genius or independent ideas.

Answer 4

External Approach

Question 5

This person said that there was no single revolution, but small revolutions such as “paradigm shifts”. He had an internalistic approach.

Answer 5

Thomas Kuhn

Question 6

Define the 6 steps to scientific revolutions by Thomas Kuhn.

Answer 6

1. Established Science
2. Normal Science (Puzzle Solving Process)
3. Novelty/Anomaly
4. Crisis in normal established science
5. Emergence of a new paradigm (revolution)
6. New normal science

Question 7

This person wrote “Puritanism and the Rise of Modern Science”, and argued that religion was an external factor.

Answer 7

Robert Merton

Question 8

This person wrote “The Social Origins of Modern Science” and argued that Scientific Revolution started by craftsmen who became scientists.

Answer 8

Edgar Zilsel

Question 9

This person wrote the “Empire and Communications”, and thought that Scientific Revolution had free access to knowledge/communication, such as Gutenberg’s press removing gatekeepers of the system.

Answer 9

Harold Innis

Question 10

This was the Period-evolution of natural philosophy into modern science

Answer 10

Scientific Revolution

Question 11

This person introduced the heliocentric system in platonic perfect circles, and published “De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium” right before death.

Answer 11

Nicolaus Copernicus

Question 12

This person believed that God made clocks and the universe was a machine.

Answer 12

Nicholas Oresme

Question 13

This person believed that everything in the universe could be explained in mechanical and mathematical terms.

Answer 13

Galileo Galilei

Question 14

Galileo published this book which was an attack towards Aristotelian and Ptolemaic systems, and called for heresy.

Answer 14

Starry Messenger

Question 15

Galileo published this book which was an attack towards Ptolemaic systems and a Copernican astronomer. People thought that he was calling the pope an idiot.

Answer 15

Dialogue

Question 16

This is the question Galileo was asked on trial before Holy Inquisition. He could not prove this.

Answer 16

Why can’t we feel the movement of earth if it is moving around the sun at fast speeds?