L7.3 - Hip and Thigh, bones and muscles

Question 1

Where is the centre of gravity in relation to:

a) Lumbosacral joint
b) Hip joint
c) Knee and ankle joint

Answer 1

a) Lumbosacral joint - anterior
b) Hip joint - posterior
c) Knee and ankle joint - anterior

Question 2

What components forms the pelvic girdle? Do they fuse early or later in life?

Answer 2

Ilium, ischium, pubis

*Fuses late in life (21 - 25 yo)

Question 3

At what level of the vertebrae is the lumbosacral angle? This is the region with the greatest amount of _?

Answer 3

L5/S1, Greatest amount of lordosis (body weight transferred from vertical to horizontal)

Question 4

Cause of pelvic fracture

Answer 4

Direct anterior trauma e.g. car accident, head on collision without seat belt
*Pubic bones on either side can get fractured

Question 5

What processes meet up and fuse at:

a) Lateral sacral crest
b) median sacral crest
c) intermediate sacral crest

Answer 5

a) Lateral sacral crest - Transverse process
b) median sacral crest - Spinal process
c) intermediate sacral crest - articular facets

Question 6

Where does spinal cord exit in sacrum?

Answer 6

Sacral cornu

Question 7

Angle of inclination - higher in adults or newborns? Males or females higher?

Answer 7

Newborns (160), Adults (125) M> F

Question 8

Coxa vara?

Answer 8

110 degrees angle of inclination in newborns causing ‘slipped capital femoral epiphysis’

Question 9

Most likely fracture site in femur? What structures are compromised

Answer 9

Neck of femur - medial and lateral femoral circumflex and retinacular branches are vulnerable

Question 10

BS of femur

Answer 10

Profunda femoris

Question 11

Lymph nodes - superficial or deep layer?

Answer 11

Superficial

Question 12

Deep fascia surrounding thigh aka ____ thickens laterally to form ___, originates at ____ and attaches to ____

Answer 12

Fascia lata, ITB, iliac crest, tibia

Question 13

Corked thigh

Answer 13

Caused by internal bleeding forming a haematoma (collection of blood in the tissues) in the quadriceps muscle of the thigh. Symptoms of corked thigh. Pain, stiffness, swelling and bruising are the main symptoms of a corked thigh.

Question 14

3 Features stopping lateral displacement of patella

Answer 14

1) Medial fibres of retinaculum of knee joint help patella to move medial side
2) All quad muscles pull patella laterally hence lat displacement but is stopped by Vastus Medialis Oblique
3) Lat condyle of femur projects anteriorly

Question 15

Osteitis pubic

Answer 15

Sclerosis at pubic symphysis

Question 16

Pes anserinus aka goose foot

Answer 16

Conjoined tendons of three muscles that insert onto the anteromedial (front and inside) surface of the proximal extremity of the tibia. The muscles are the sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus sometimes referred to as the guy ropes.

Question 17

Gluteal IM injections - best site?

Answer 17

Triangle along superior border of glut max and inf border of iliac crest as injecting glut max might inject sciatic nerve by accident

Question 18

What lateral rotator is a key landmark?

Answer 18

Piriformis. Sciatic nerve and inferior gluteal artery and nerve emerges below it, superior gluteal artery and nerve above it

Question 19

Piriformis syndrome

Answer 19

Injury leads to loss of nerves in that region - only aspect spared will be ant and medial compartment (sciatic nerve damage = no post, gluteal nerve damage = no lat)

Question 20

Adductor Magnus strain comes from sports such as?

Answer 20

Football and soccer