10.1 - Ankle and Foot Joints Flashcards
Ankle (talocrural) joint
1) Joint type
2) Movements
3) PF or DF is position of max stability
4) ) Where is it found?
1) Synovial hinge joint
2) PF/DF
3) DF - due to talus being wider anterior and hence it will be tightly positioned against the mortise leading to stability
4) B/w body of talus and medial and lateral malleoli
Body of talus (trochlear) moves in mortise (deep socket) formed by tibia, fibula and post. tibiofibular lig (inf. transv. lig.)
Body of talus (like a trochlear) moves in mortise (deep socket) formed by tibia, fibula and post. tibiofibular lig aka inf. transv. lig.
Ankle joint - is the body of talus wider ant or post? Does medial or lateral malleolus extend further distally?
- Wider anteriorly
- Lateral malleolus extends further distally
Articular capsule attachments
Attaches to articular margins and covers neck of talus anteriorly
Triangular collateral lig.
1) Where is the apex of the triangle?
2) Does it blend with the joint capsule
3) Movements
1) Malleoli
2) Yes
3) PF/DF
MCL (deltoid lig.)
1) How many parts?
2) Superficial with continuous attachment to?
3) Deep attachment to?
4) What movement does it limit?
1) 4 (very strong)
2) Superficial with continuous attachment: tibionavicular (anteriorly), tibiocalcaneal (inferiorly), Post. tibiotalar
3) Ant. Tibiotalar
4) Limits overeversion
LCL (discrete parts)
1) How many parts?
2) What are they?
3) Commonly or rarely sprained? Which lig. specifically?
4) Position of sprain - PF/DF, INV/EVER
1) 3
2) Ant and Post talofibular, Calcaneofibular (inferiorly)
3) Commonly - due to discrete parts. The Ant Talofibular
4) PF, INV
Muscles involved in DF
TA, EDL, EHL
Muscles involved in PF
Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris, TP, FDL, FHL
Why are more muscles required in PF compared to DF?
Line of gravity is anterior to ankle joint hence strong muscles needed posteriorly to counteract it
DF - ab or adduction of talus? = LR
Ab
PF - ab or adduction of talus? = MR
Add
Dislocations common or rare? Lig. sprains common or rare?
Dislocations - rare
Ligament sprains - common
BS and NS
BS: Malleolar branches of fibular and anterior and posterior tibial arteries
NS: Tibial and deep fibular nerves
Subtalar and TCN Joint
1) Joint type
2) How are the joints fitted?
3) Subtalar - what are they separated by?
4) What parts of TCN are functionally part of subtalar joint?
5) Movements
6) Axis is ___ through joints
1) Modified ball and socket joints
2) Reciprocally fitted - convex facets on talus, concave facet on calcaneus, concave facet on navicular
3) Sinus tarsi
4) Anterior and middle
5) INV and EVER
6) Oblique
Calcaneocuboid Joint
1) Joint type
2) Movements
3) What joint does it form with TCN joint?
1) Plane Synovial Joint
2) Rotary gliding movement for:
a) Pronation - eversion (subtalar and TCN) + lateral rotation (calcaneocuboid)
b) Supination inversion (subtalar and TCN) + medial rotation (calcaneocuboid)
3) Midtarsal joint
Flat feet/fallen arches is aka
Hyperpronated feet
Ligaments of tarsal joints (3)
1) Spring (plantar calcaneonavicular)
- Found on the medial side of plantar surface
–part of TCN joint articular surface
–supports apex of medial longitudinal arch
2) Interosseous talocalcaneal lig.
- oriented vertically
–between subtalar & TCN joints in ‘sinus tarsi’
–allows inversion/eversion (axis passes though it) & limits excess inversion/eversion.
3)Cervical Lig. of Talus
–lateral continuation of interosseous talocalcaneal lig.
–helps limit inversion
Ligaments of tarsals ( 4)
1) Bifurcate Ligament
–on dorsolateral foot
–2 parts support TCN & calcaneocuboid joints
2)Plantar Aponeurosis
–between calcaneus and MT heads
–binds skin of foot for grip & protection
–strong, maintains long arches of foot
3) Long Plantar Ligament
- Deep to plantar aponeurosis
–from calcaneus to cuboid & MT bases (3-5)
–forms retinaculum for peroneus longus
–supports lateral longitudinal arch
4) Short Plantar Ligament
–from calcaneus to cuboid
–deep to long plantar ligament
–supports lateral longitudinal arch
Ligaments of tarsals
1) Plantar fasciitis?
2) Bone Spurs
1) Plantar fasciitis - Inflammation of plantar aponeurosis aka heel pain
2) Bone spurs - bits of bones developing in calcaneous
Toe joints and ligaments
1) MTP Joints - joint type and movement
2) IP Joints - joint type and movement
Toe joints and ligaments
•MTP joints
–condylar (Ab/Ad, F/ E)
•IP joints
–hinge (F/ E),with some rotation
Toe joints and ligaments - Volar Plates
1) What links volar plates of MP joints
2) What are volar plates made of?
3) Where are they found?
4) What do they do?
Volar Plates
1) Deep transverse MT ligament links volar plates of MP joints
2) Fibrocartilage
3) In joint capsule at MTP & IP joints
4) •increase articular surface
•limit hyperextension
Toe joints and ligaments - Collateral ligaments
1) What do they do?
2) Taut in _ at _ joints
3) Slighlty lax in _ at __joints
4) Movements in MTP
Collateral ligaments
1) stabilize joints in F/E
2) taut in E at IP joints,
3) slightly lax in E at MTP joints
4) Ab/Ad
Foot arches 1)Between 3 weightbearing points: –calcaneal tuberosity –heads of MT’s 1 & 5 2) Role? 3) _ longitudinal arches and _ transverse arch –(hemi-arch on each foot) 4) Poor or strong bony stability
Foot arches 1) –calcaneal tuberosity –heads of MT’s 1 & 5 2) •Provide stable base in standing •Dynamic springs in locomotion 3) 2 (medial and lateral), 1 4) Poor –ligamentous support required for static activity –muscular support required
