L3.2 - Shoulder & Arm, bones & muscles Flashcards
Interesting fact about ossification of clavicle and what sort of ossification?
First to ossify, last to complete. Partly endochondral (middle part) partly intramembranous (ends of clavicle) ossification.
Clavicle: which end is wider?
Sternal end
Clavicle: where does fracture usually occur?
Midshaft
Direction of pulling during clavicular fracture for:
- Pec major
- SCM (medially)
- Deltoid (laterally)
- Pec major: pulls humerus inwards
- SCM: pulls clavicle upwards
- Deltoid: pushes it downwards
What nerves and vessels are compromised if you fracture the surgical neck of the humerus?
Axillary nerve and Posterior humeral circumflex artery
What nerves are compromised if you fracture midshaft of humerus?
Radial nerve and Profunda brachial artery
What nerves are compromised if you fracture supracondylar ridge of humerus? (above epidcondyles)
Median nerve and Brachial artery
What nerves are compromised if you fracture medial epicondyle?
Ulna nerve
Where fascia is loose is also where you tend to find
Lymph nodes
Deltopectoral groove
It is the location through which the cephalic vein passes and where the coracoid process is most easily palpable.
In shoulder separation surgery, it is used for injections.
What sport is serratus anterior known for? Why is it easily damaged?
Boxing. Nerve supply lies on the superior aspect, all other muscles are typically deep.
Rotator cuff muscles
Teres minor, infraspinatus, supraspinatus, subscapularis
Name 2 rotator cuff injuries that can occur
1) Impingement of suprapinatus - Calcification in subacromial and subdeltoid bursa
2) Frozen shoulder - ‘adhesive capsulitis -> calcification of capsule -> limits movement
How does popeye syndrome occur?
Avulsion of proximal or distal insertion of biceps
What happens in a complete shoulder separation?
When coracoacromial ligament rupture
